boundary [ˈbaundəri] n. 界线，边界
pump [pʌmp] v. 用泵抽
【派】pumpkin 南瓜
【搭】pump out 抽空
* * *
A: We'd better pump the floodwater out of the cellars.
B: But we don't have any instrument now.
A：我们最好尽快把水从地窖里抽出来。
B：但这会儿我们没有工具啊。
* * *
overtake [ˌəuvəˈteik] v. （坏天气，麻烦等）突然降临
backwater [ˈbækwɔːtə] n. 回水河汊
predecessor [ˈpriːdisesə] n. 前任
【例】My present secretary is more capable than her predecessor.
我现在的秘书比她的前任更能干。
meadow [ˈmedəu] n. 草地，草场
crown [kraun] v. 给……戴花环
holly [ˈhɔli] n. 一种冬青植物
wreath [riːθ] n. 花环
【扩】garland 花环
* * *
A: I ordered a wreath from the florist.
B: Who do you want to send it to?
A：我从花店定购了一个花环。
B：你想送给谁啊？
* * *
occurrence [əˈkʌrəns] n. 偶发事件
proportion [prəˈpɔːʃən] n. 部分
【派】proportional 成比例的
【扩】part 部分 section 部分
【搭】out of proportion to 与……不成比例
【例】A large proportion of the streets were sewered.
大部分街道都铺有下水道。
site [sait] v. 使位于
spell [spel] v. 招致，带来
【扩】incur 招致，惹起
【搭】spell losses 造成损失 spell trouble 招来麻烦
【例】He can do nothing except spelling troubles.
他除了会招来麻烦，什么也做不了。
stall [stɔːl] n. 牲口棚
attic [ˈætik] n. 顶楼
sweeping [ˈswiːpiŋ] adj. 范围广大的
【派】sweepingly 大规模地，彻底地
【搭】get a sweeping view 一览无余 sweeping victory 全胜
* * *
A: Our team won a sweeping victory in the match last week.
B: Congratulations! I hope you will win in the finals, too.
A：我们球队在上周的比赛中大获全胜。
B：恭喜，我希望你们在决赛中也同样获胜。
* * *
critical [ˈkritikəl] adj. 危急的
juncture [ˈdʒʌŋktʃə] n. 时刻，关头
【搭】at this juncture 就在这个关头
【例】At this critical juncture he lost his head and made a serious mistake.
在这关键时刻，他头脑发昏，犯了严重错误。
raft [rɑːft] n. 木筏
foundations [faunˈdeiʃənz] n. 地基
【扩】groundwork 基础，根基
【例】The house is unsafe since the foundations were undermined by earthquake.
这座房子不安全，因为地基已被地震破坏。
stout [staut] adj. 牢固的
【扩】firm 坚固的，结实的
【搭】a stout pair of shoes 一双结实的鞋子
* * *
A: I never expected that he had such a stout makeup.
B: He often goes to the gym to do exercise.
A：我真没想到，他竟然有这么强壮的体格。
B：他经常去健身房锻炼。
* * *
submerge [səbˈməːdʒ] v. 浸没
grapple [ˈɡræpəl] v. 抓住
【搭】grapple with 与……格斗
* * *
A: He did all he could to grapple with the enemy.
B: He is brave at any time.
A：他奋力与敌人拼杀。
B：他任何时候都那么勇敢。
noun [具体名词]分界线，边界；界限，范围；（板球）击球超过边界线得分 - The Bow Brook forms the western boundary of the wood.
noun [专属名词]泵，抽水机；<英>平底鞋，轻软舞鞋；<美>高跟无带女鞋；抽吸，泵送；（生理）泵（指特定离子逆浓度梯度进行的跨膜主动运输机制） - There was no water in the building, just a pump in the courtyard.
verb [vt. 及物动词]用泵（或泵样器官等）输送；快速上下（或内外）运动；涌出，涌流；<非正式> 盘问，套问；<非正式> 让某人使用大量药物；<非正式> 举重（pump iron）；给......洗胃；<非正式> 不断制造（pump out）；<非正式>大量增加（pump up）；<非正式>接连发射 - It's not enough to get rid of raw sewage by pumping it out to sea.
verb [vt. 及物动词]追上， 赶上并超过（汽车或人）；（发展或增长）超越，超过；突然降临于，意外发生在；（情感等）压倒，使难以承受 - It's dangerous to overtake on a bend.
Overtake someone/something: 追赶某人/某物
- The athlete overtook his opponent and won the race. （这位运动员追赶上他的对手并赢得了比赛。）
- The car overtook the slower vehicle on the highway. （这辆车在高速公路上超过了行驶较慢的车辆。）
Overtake someone in a race: 在比赛中超过某人
- The racer managed to overtake the leader in the final lap. （这名选手在最后一圈成功超过了领先者。）
Overtake someone on the road: 在道路上超过某人
- It is dangerous to overtake another vehicle on a narrow road. （在狭窄的道路上超过其他车辆是危险的。）
Overtake a milestone: 达到一个里程碑
- The company overtook its revenue target for the year. （该公司超过了年度收入目标。）
Overtake someone emotionally: 情感上超越某人
- A feeling of sadness overtook her when she heard the news. （她听到那个消息时被悲伤的情绪所充满。）
请注意，根据上下文，"overtake"也可以有其他意义，例如在交通领域中指堵塞或淹没，但在这种情况下并不是指超越。对于正确的使用，请根据句子的具体语境来理解其含义。
noun [抽象名词]回水；死水；停滞不进的状态或地方 - The state's high schools remain an educational backwater where dropout rates are rising.
adjective [原级]死水般的；倒退的，落后的 - I came up this backwater to try and get a moment's peace, and then stumble upon you fellows!
noun [专属名词]前任，前辈；（被取代的）原有事物，前身 - He is cast in a different mould from his predecessor.
noun [专属名词]草地，牧场；河边低洼地 - For six months they camped out in a meadow at the back of the house.
noun [具体名词]王冠，冕；王位，王权（the crown）；王国政府，王国（the Crown）；冠军宝座，桂冠；头顶，帽顶；顶部；5先令的英国旧币；（受损牙齿的）人造冠 - You can also use crown to refer to anything circular that is worn on someone's head.
verb [vt. 及物动词]为…加冕，立…为王；形成…顶部，给…加顶；使圆满，使完美；（在牙齿上）镶人造冠；<非正式>打…的头部；（分娩时胎儿的头）露顶 - When a king or queen is crowned, a crown is placed on their head as part of a ceremony in which they are officially made king or queen.
noun [专属名词]冬青树（等于 holm oak） - The tinsel and the holly were decorating the drug store.
adjective [原级]冬青属植物的 - The chirp came from a thick holly bush, bright with scarlet berries, and Mary thought she knew whose it was.
noun [专属名词]花环，花冠，花圈；环状物，圈状物；（烟、云等的）环，圈；（纹章）饰环 - The Queen laid a wreath at the war memorial.
noun [具体名词]发生的事，事件；发生，出现（尤指意外且令人不快的事） - Vandalism used to be a rare occurrence here.
noun [抽象名词]部分，份额；比例；正确的比例，均衡；大小，程度（proportions）；（事情的）重要性，严重性；等比关系 - A large proportion of the dolphins in that area will eventually die.
verb [vt. 及物动词]<正式> 使（某物）成比例，使相称；分摊 - The head is out of proportion with the body.
noun [具体名词]（建筑的）工地，用地；（某事发生的）地点，现场；（作某种用途的）场所，场地；网站，站点（=website）；（身体的某个）部位；（城镇、建筑物或纪念碑的）地基，选址；遗址，原址；（帐篷或大篷车内）歇脚的地方 - I was working as a foreman on a building site.
verb [vt. 及物动词]使坐落在，为......选址 - Do you want to bookmark this site?
noun [抽象名词]一段时间；（疾病突然的）一次发作；咒语，符咒，着魔；魅力，魔力；轮班；<澳>休息期；（板球）（一个投手的）一轮投球时间；木片 - I've never been able to spell.
verb [vi. 不及物动词]拼写，拼缀出（单词）；拼作，拼成；招致，意味着（通常指坏事）；具有…的显著特征；替换，顶替；<澳>稍事休息 - The wizard recited a spell.
noun [专属名词]货摊，贩卖处，咨询台；牲畜棚，马厩，牛棚；（房间内的）小隔间，淋浴室，洗手间；（教堂内）唱诗班和牧师的座位；<英>（剧场的）正厅前排座位（stalls）；（发动机的）熄火，（车辆的）抛锚，（飞机的）失速，（轮船的）停泊；<美>（机动车停车场的）车位；（赛马开始前各马站位的）单间马房 - A stall is a large table on which you put goods that you want to sell, or information that you want to give people.
verb [vt. 及物动词]（使）熄火，抛锚；故意拖延（以赢得时间）；拖住（某人）；暂缓，搁置，停顿；（飞机）失速；（航海）（由于风力不够而）航行失控；把（牲畜）关在厩内（养肥） - The Social Democratic Party has vowed to try to stall the bill until the current session ends.
noun [专属名词]阁楼，顶楼 - We need the steps to get into the attic.
adjective [原级]范围广的，影响大的；过于笼统的；弧线的，弯曲的；包含丰富信息的；（投票等中的）大胜 - It is far too early to make sweeping statements about gene therapy.
noun [具体名词]打扫，清扫；扫集的尘土（或垃圾）（sweepings） - Football mania is sweeping the country.
verb [vt. 及物动词]打扫，清除；（目光）扫视，（灯光）掠过；（快速地）带走，卷走（sweep 的现在分词） - A flu epidemic is sweeping through Moscow.
adjective [原级]批判的，爱挑剔的；极其重要的，关键的；严重的，危急的；病重的，重伤的；评论性的，评论家的；临界的 - We need to become critical text-readers.
noun [具体名词]接缝；连接；接合；特定时刻，关头；交接处，接合点；音渡 - What's important at this juncture is the ability of the three republics to work together.
noun [专属名词]木排，木筏； 橡皮艇，充气船；（游泳、跳水的）浮台；大量，许多；（树木、草木或冰块等一堆）漂浮物；大群游动的水鸟（或哺乳动物）；浮筏基础，格床基础 - A raft is a small rubber or plastic boat that you blow air into to make it float. (
verb [vt. 及物动词]乘坐筏子（度河），用筏子运送；（浮冰）随浮冰流淌；将（船或其他物体）并排连为一体 - to convey on or travel by raft, or make a raft from
adverb [方式副词]过度地；不适当地；不正当地 - This will achieve greater security without unduly burdening the consumers or the economy.
noun [集合/集体][建]基础（foundation 的复数）；房基 - Weak foundations caused the house to subside.
adverb [方式副词]坚决地；刚强地；牢固地 - "It's not mine," answered Martha stoutly. “
verb [vt. 及物动词]（使）潜入水中，（使）没入水中，浸没；湮没，掩盖（思想、感情等）；使（自己）集中精力于，使（自己）沉浸于 - Hippos are unable to submerge in the few remaining water holes.
verb [vt. 及物动词]扭打，搏斗；努力解决问题，应对困境（grapple with）；抓住，抓牢（某人）；<古>用抓钩抓住 - They managed to grapple him to the ground.
noun [具体名词]格斗，摔跤；摔跤比赛；抓具，抓钩；抓斗机 - The new government has yet to grapple with the problem of air pollution.
