Lesson 5 The facts确切数字 倒装句

Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to provide their readers with unimportant facts and statistics.

go to extremes  ^{走极端：采取极端的行动或态度，超出正常或合理的范围。}

• This is a rare occurrence as our climate seldom goes to extremes. ^NCE3-56
• Extreme poverty still exists in many rural areas. ^adj.
• Force is only justified in extreme circumstances. ^adj.

go to extremes to do sth. ^{过分地…在某方面走极端}

• Girls often go to extremes to lose weight. ^{女孩子常常在减肥方面走极端。}
• Alfred Bloggs went to extremes to seek the privilege of becoming a white-collar worker. ^{阿尔弗雷德·布洛格斯过分地追求成为白领工人的特权。}
• Some parents often go to extremes to satisfy the needs of their children.^{有些父母常常过分地满足孩子的需要}

礼让弱小 ^{哪个个儿小哪个在前}

• facts and statistics  ^{事实和统计数据}
• fruit and vegetables ^蔬菜水果
• fur and feather / birds and beasts ^飞禽走兽
• bed and board / food and shelter ^食宿
• food, shelter, clothing and transportation ^衣食住行

造句：Some websites often go to extremes to provide their visitors with a bewildering amount of information.^{某些网站常常过份地给访问者提供令人眼花缭乱的大量的信息。}

Last year a journalist had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article on the president's palace in a new African republic.

被动语态 ^{突出被动的承受者（本文突出整篇文章的主人公）}

• Some time ago, an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea. ^{突出有趣的发现}
• Four days after setting out, while the Titanic was sailing across the icy waters of the North Atlantic, a huge iceberg was suddenly spotted by a look-out. ^{NCE3-10（突出巨大的冰山）}
• A radio message from the mainland had been received by the ship's captain instructing him to give up the search.^{NCE3-32（突出大陆的电报）}

article on / about sth. (by sb.) ^{关于...的文章}

• an article on / about education by Mr. Smith. ^{史密斯先生写的一篇关于教育的文章}

When the article arrived, the editor read the first sentence and then refused to publish it.

the article arrived ^无灵主语

• The card arrived on my birthday ^{在我生日那天收到了贺卡。}
• A letter came for you this morning. ^{今天早上有一封信给你。}
• When reports came into London Zoo that...

造句：When the letter came / arrived, Jane read the first sentence and then cried.^{当Jane收到信时，读完第一句话就哭了。}

The article began: "Hundreds of steps lead to the high wall which surrounds the president's palace."

lead to ... ^{通往\导致}

• All roads lead to Rome.^{条条大路通罗马；殊途同归}
• The path led to a tiny village perched on the steep sides of a mountain. ^NCE3-48
• This led to yet another angry argument. ^NCE3-33

The editor at once sent the journalist a fax instructing him to find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall.

造句：The manager at once sent his secretary an email instructing her to find out the exact number of the people who will attend the meeting.^{这位经理立刻给他的秘书发了一 封email，要求她了解一下即将出席会议的确切人数。}

The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts, but he took a long time to send them.

take ^{人做主语花时间}

造句：The secretary immediately set out to verify these important facts, but she took a long time to finish it.^{这位秘书立刻着手核实（verify） 这些重要的事实，但是她花了很长时间才完成。}

Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, for the magazine would soon go to press.

He sent the journalist two more faxes, but received no reply.

He sent yet another fax informing the journalist that if he did not reply soon he would be fired.

yet / still one more / another / bigger ... ^{yet、still 用于加强语气}

• This led to yet another angry argument. ^NCE3-33
• yet / still one more example ^再举个例
• He's given us yet / still more work to do. ^{他又给了我们多得多的工作做}
• Inflation had risen to a yet / still higher level. ^{(加强比较级)通货膨胀已上升到更高的水平。}

造句：The kidnapper sent yet another anonymous letter informing the old lady that if she called the police she would never see her son again. ^{绑匪又寄了一封匿名信，通知老太太如果她报警，她就再也看不到她儿子了。}

When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly published the article as it had originally been written.

Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well.

部分倒装 §

只把助动词，be动词（之前没有其他助动词）或情态动词置于主语之前。

一、原句的否定提前 ^{否定词位于句首}

^{（如：notonly,not until, neither, nor, never, hardly, barely, scarcely, few, little, rarely, seldom, under no circumstances, in no way, ...)} 

• Nor is the city without its moments of beauty. ^NCE3-41
• Neither was I surprised when the train stopped at Widley, a tiny station a few miles along the line. ^NCE3-41
• Never have I seen such a good movie. ^{我从来没有看过这么好的电影。}
• Not until yesterday did little John change his mind. ^{直到昨天小约翰才改变主意。}
• Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money. ^{在任何情况下你都不应该借钱给保罗。}

二、Only + 状语 ^位于句首

• Only then did he realize that he was mistaken.^{直到那时他才意识到自己错了。}
• Only by working hard can we succeed in doing anything.^{只有努力工作，我们才能成功做任何事情。}
• Only after a baby seal is pushed into the sea by its mother will it learn how to swim. ^{只有当小海豹被它的妈妈推进海里后，它才会学会游泳(only + 时间状语从句)}
• Only when he saw that the man was actually telephoning the police did he realize that they had all been the victims of a hoax. ^NCE3-40

三、 等表示程度、频率的词 ^{(位于句首 such, so, well, often, many a time等)}

• Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers.
• So great is our passion for doing things for ourselves, that we are becoming increasingly less dependent on specialized labour. ^NCE3-46
• Well did I know him and well did he know me.^{我很了解他，他也很了解我。}
• often did it snow there.^{那里经常下雪。}
• Many a time has he given me good advice.^{他多次给我提出好建议。}

造句：Not only did several people complain of 'cat-like noises' at night, but a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree as well. ^{不但有几个人抱怨说在夜里听见了“像猫一样的噪音”，而且一位钓鱼途中的商人还看见那只美洲狮在树上。}

However, he had at last been allowed to send a fax in which he informed the editor that he had been arrested while counting the 1,084 steps leading to the fifteen-foot wall which surrounded the president's palace.

状语从句的省略 ^{状语从句中如果满足以下两个条件，则可同时省略状语从句的主语和其后的be动词。}

1. 状语从句的主语与主句主语一致。
2. 状语从句的谓语包含be动词。

• Metals expand when they are heated and contract when they are cooled. → Metals expand when heated and contract when cooled.
• Francis Preston Blair Jr., although he was born in Kentucky, lived and practiced in Missouri. → Francis Preston Blair Jr., although born in Kentucky, lived and practiced in Missouri.
• he had been arrested while he had been counting the 1,084 steps... → he had been arrested while counting the 1,084 steps..