Lesson 4 An exciting trip激动人心的旅行 现在完成时 同位语
First listen and then answer the question: Why is Tim finding this trip exciting?
I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim.
我刚刚收到弟弟蒂姆的来信。
He is in Australia. He has been there for six months.
他正在澳大利亚。他在那儿已经住了 6 个月了。
Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.
蒂姆是个工程师，正在为一家大公司工作，并且已经去过澳大利亚的不少地方了。
He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia.
他刚买了一辆澳大利亚小汽车，现在去了澳大利亚中部的小镇艾利斯斯普林斯(爱丽斯泉)。
He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth.
他不久还将到达尔文去，从那里，他再飞往珀斯。
My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.
我弟弟以前从未出过国，因此，他觉得这次旅行非常激动人心。
课文理解在旅途 更新于:2024-12-06 08:02:00
I have received a letter from my brother, Tim. § have/has + just + done 进一步强调 just “刚刚”发生
同位语：一个名词（或短语等）与另一个名词（或短语）并列而作为其说明或限定成分时称为同位语。 同位语与它所补充说明的成分之间用逗号隔开。在译成汉语时，同位语或者插入主句中，或者另译为一句，很少像英语中那样用逗号隔开。
- This is John, one of my best friends. 这位是约翰，他是我最好的朋友之一。
- Mrs. Smith, my neighbore, has never been abroad. 我的邻居史密斯夫人从来没有出过国。
| already 强调“已经”发生 | ever 强调“曾经”发生 | never 强调“从未”发生 |
|---|---|---|
| I've already had lunch. | Have you ever been there, Ken? | You always say that, but we never win anything! |
He has been there for six months. months 注意读音
has/have + been + in 地点 （一直待在某地）
- He has been in Beijing for one year.
- I have been in America for tow years.
- I have arrived in Beijing. （arrive 是瞬间动词不能和段时间连用）
there 是一个副词，可以直接修饰动词，所以前面不能加介词。而 Beijing \ America 为名词，前面需要一个介词连接。
| for + 时间 = 持续... | for + 名词 = 为了...(目的) | for + 句子 = 原因 |
|---|---|---|
| for six months 持续、长达6个月 | work for a firm 为一家公司工作 | He had had a long and uncomfortable trip, for he had been confined to ... |
He is working for a big firm and he hasvisited a great number of different places in Australia.
| work for 在…上班/任职，强调 work | work in 强调地点（在哪个地方上班） |
|---|---|
| I am working for a school. | I am working in the New Oriental school. |
| work at 上班 | work as 担任、从事 |
| She works at a department store. | He started work as a security guard. |
a number of 后面一定要加可数名词复数
通常 number 前有great，large，good，small，certain 等形容词，数量大小也随之改变。
| a great number of(与 a lot of基本相同) | a lot of 可数名词复数/不可数名词 | a great deal of 可数名词复数/不可数名词 |
|---|---|---|
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| |
修饰可数名词时，要使用复数形式，而当修饰不可数名词时，则直接使用不可数名词本身。
He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs, a small town in the centre of Australia.
| gone to 去了 | been to 去过 |
|---|---|
| has gone to 去了某地没回来 | has been to 曾经去过某地, 现在不在那个地方 |
| I have gone to Paris.我去了巴黎（我在巴黎的） | Have you been to Paris? 你去过巴黎没？ |
spring 春天、喷泉、弹簧
- Alice Spring 爱丽丝泉（澳大利亚）
- Alice springs 艾丽斯斯普林斯
From there, he will fly to Perth. from A to B 从A点到B点
fly to Perth = go to Perth by air
| from + 时间 | from + 地点 § |
|---|---|
|
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My brother has been abroad before, so he is fending this trip very exciting.
find 作“发现”、“发觉”讲时宾语往往带补足语（一般为形容词）说明宾语的状况、性质等。
| find + 宾语 + adj. (主谓宾+宾补) | be finding 在口语中经常使用 |
|---|---|
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下面表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时
| 单词 | 中文 | 不可用于进行时的原因 |
|---|---|---|
| believe [bɪˈliːv] | 相信 | 表示信仰、信任或认为某事是真实的状态，无法以进行时形式描述 |
| doubt [daʊt] | 怀疑 | 表示对某事有怀疑或不确定的感觉，无法以进行时形式描述 |
| see [siː] | 看见 | 表示视觉上察觉到某物，动作瞬间完成，无法以进行时形式描述 |
| hear [hɪr] | 听见 | 表示听觉上察觉到某声音，动作瞬间完成，无法以进行时形式描述 |
| know [noʊ] | 知道 | 表示对信息或知识有认知，无法以进行时形式描述 |
| understand [ˌʌndərˈstænd] | 理解 | 表示对某事有理解或领悟，无法以进行时形式描述 |
| belong [bɪˈlɔŋ] | 属于 | 表示所属关系，无法以进行时形式描述 |
| think [θɪŋk] | 思考、认为 | 表示思维活动或某种看法、观点，无法以进行时形式描述 |
| consider [kənˈsɪdər] | 考虑 | 表示对某事进行思考和权衡，无法以进行时形式描述 |
| feel [fiːl] | 感觉、觉得 | 表示情感、感官或心理上的体验或感受，无法以进行时形式描述 |
| look [lʊk] | 看、看起来 | 表示视觉上的动作或外貌特征，无法以进行时形式描述 |
| seem [siːm] | 似乎 | 表示根据表面现象判断某事的状态或性质，无法以进行时形式描述 |
| show [ʃoʊ] | 展示、显示 | 表示展示或展示出某种特征或行为，无法以进行时形式描述 |
| mind [maɪnd] | 介意、在乎 | 表示对某事持有某种态度或注意力集中在某事上，无法以进行时形式描述 |
| have [hæv] | 拥有、经历 | 表示具有某种所有权或经历某种经历或状态，无法以进行时形式描述 |
| sound [saʊnd] | 听起来 | 表示听觉上的感受或声音的特征，动作瞬间完成，无法以进行时形式描述 |
| taste [teɪst] | 尝起来 | 表示味觉上的感受或口味的特征，动作瞬间完成，无法以进行时形式描述 |
| require [rɪˈkwaɪər] | 需要 | 表示必须要求或需要某物，无法以进行时形式描述 |
| possess [pəˈzɛs] | 拥有 | 表示拥有某物，无法以进行时形式描述 |
| care [kɛr] | 关心、在乎 | 表示关心或在意某事，无法以进行时形式描述 |
| like [laɪk] | 喜欢 | 表示对某物持有好感或喜欢，无法以进行时形式描述 |
| hate [heɪt] | 讨厌 | 表示对某物或某事持有强烈的反感或厌恶，无法以进行时形式描述 |
| love [lʌv] | 爱、喜欢 | 表示对某人或某物具有深情或喜爱，无法以进行时形式描述 |
| detest [dɪˈtɛst] | 憎恶 | 表示对某事或某人强烈的憎恶或厌恶，无法以进行时形式描述 |
| desire [dɪˈzaɪər] | 渴望、欲望 | 表示强烈的愿望或渴望，无法以进行时形式描述 |
语法知识现在完成时 更新于:2024-12-06 07:21:18
现在完成时表示动作现存的结果，或者过去发生的事对现在的影响。
结构：have/has + done（v. 过去分词）
| 全部完成(截止到现在) | 部分完成(截止到现在) |
|---|---|
| He has finished the homework. | We have learned English for ten years. |
用法：完成？ 现在的之前
做没做完并不重要，重要的是站在哪个角度去看。现在完成时是站在现在的这个角度往之前看。现在完成时表示动作现存的结果，或者过去发生的事对现在的影响。
| 句型 | 助动词 三单 | 助动词 非三单 |
|---|---|---|
| 现在完成时 | He has finished the homework. | I have finished the work. |
| 否定句 | He has not finished the homework.(hasn't) | I have not finished the work.(haven't) |
| 一般疑问句 | Has he finished the homework? | Have you finished the work? |
| 特殊疑问句 | What has he done? | What have you done? |
常与现在完成时连用的副词和副词短语
| 词组 | 用法 |
|---|---|
| before (now) | I have never been to Paris before.（我以前从未去过巴黎。） |
| it’s the first time | It's the first time I've tried sushi.（这是我第一次尝试寿司。） |
| so far | So far, I have finished three books this month.（到目前为止，我这个月已经读完了三本书。） |
| so far this morning | I have received three emails so far this morning.（到今天早上为止，我今天上午已经收到了三封邮件。） |
| up to now | Up to now, I haven't received any updates on the project.（直到现在，我还没有收到关于项目的任何更新。） |
| up to the present | Up to the present, she has published ten research papers.（直到现在，她已经发表了十篇研究论文。） |
| just | I have just finished my homework.（我刚做完作业。） |
| recently | Have you seen her recently?（你最近见过她吗？） |
| already | He has already eaten dinner.（他已经吃过晚饭了。） |
| lately | Lately, I've been feeling tired all the time.（最近，我一直感觉很累。） |
| now | I have a meeting now.（我现在有一个会议。） |
| for | I have been learning Spanish for two years.（我已经学习西班牙语两年了。） |
| since + 时间 | She has been working here since 2010.（她自2010年以来一直在这里工作。） |
| till | The store is open till 9 PM.（商店一直开放到晚上9点。） |
| at last | I have found my keys at last.（我终于找到了我的钥匙。） |
| finally | He has finally finished his thesis.（他终于完成了他的论文。） |
疑问句和否定句中
| 词组 | 用法 |
|---|---|
| ever | Have you ever been to Paris?（你曾经去过巴黎吗？） |
| yet | Have you finished your homework yet?（你完成作业了吗？） |
| never | I have never seen a shooting star.（我从来没有见过流星。） |
| not…ever | He does not ever eat spicy food.（他从不吃辣食。） |
| have you ever | Have you ever been skydiving?（你曾经体验过跳伞吗？） |
| yet to | He is yet to finish his project.（他尚未完成他的项目。） |
| never again | I will never again trust him.（我再也不会信任他。） |
| not yet | I have not yet received the package.（我还没有收到包裹。） |
| ever since | I have been happy ever since I met you.（自从遇见你之后，我一直很幸福。） |
| never before | This has never happened before.（这从未发生过。） |
| not anymore | He doesn't work here anymore.（他不再在这里工作了。） |
| just yet | I can't leave just yet.（我还不能离开。） |
| evermore | I will love you evermore.（我将永远爱你。） |
| never mind | Never mind, it's not important.（没关系，这不重要。） |
| not anymore | He doesn't live here anymore.（他不再住在这里了。） |
| have yet to | I have yet to meet my new neighbor.（我还没见过我的新邻居。） |
- I’ve planted fourteen rose bushes so far this morning. 到今天上午为止，我已经种了十四丛玫瑰。
- I have lived here for several years now and I’ve made many new friends since I have lived here. 我已经在这里住了好几年了，自从我住在这里以来，我交了很多新朋友。
现在完成时还可和表示频度的副词连用，表示反复和习惯性动作。
| 词组 | 用法 |
|---|---|
| often | I often go for a walk in the park.（我经常在公园散步。） |
| frequently | She frequently travels for work.（她经常出差。） |
| three times | I have visited that museum three times.（我去过那个博物馆三次。） |
| quite often | He comes to visit us quite often.（他相当频繁地来看我们。） |
| regularly | They meet regularly for coffee on Fridays.（他们每周五定期见面喝咖啡。） |
| repeatedly | The child kept asking the same question repeatedly.（孩子一再询问同一个问题。） |
| daily | She goes for a run daily.（她每天都去跑步。） |
| oftentimes | Oftentimes, people judge others based on appearance.（往往人们会根据外貌来评判他人。） |
| sometimes | Sometimes, I like to relax and watch movies.（有时候，我喜欢放松看电影。） |
| occasionally | We go out for dinner occasionally.（我们偶尔出去吃饭。） |
| seldom | He seldom goes to parties.（他很少去参加派对。） |
| rarely | I rarely eat fast food.（我很少吃快餐。） |
| once in a while | Once in a while, we treat ourselves to a spa day.（偶尔，我们会给自己放松一天。） |
| every now and then | They go on vacations every now and then.（他们时不时会去度假。） |
共有11题需要完成
练习题
I have had breakfast.（单选）
A、yetB、justC、isD、aHe has been in prison .（单选）
A、for one yearsB、for two monthC、for six monthsD、for three dayThe police have not caught the thief .（单选）
A、yetB、justC、stillD、finallyHave you met him ?（单选）
A、before,everB、never, latelyC、lately, neverD、ever, beforeWould you like to go and see Avatar with me tonight? - Thank you very much, but I it already.（单选）
A、seeB、will seeC、have seenD、am seeingUp to now, the program thousands of children who would otherwise have died.（单选）
A、would saveB、savesC、had savedD、has savedMiss Gao isn't here. She to the bus station to meet Mr. Brown.（单选）
A、goB、has goneC、has beenD、would go- Look! Somebody the sofa. -Well, it wasn't me. I didn't do it.（单选）
A、is cleaningB、was cleaningC、has cleanedD、had cleanedTim is in Australia. He went Australia six months ago.（单选）
A、toB、inC、atD、intoTim is in Australia. How long there?（单选）
A、is heB、has he beenC、has heD、was heHe will soon visit Darwin. He will visit Darwin .（单选）
A、quicklyB、for a short timeC、shortlyD、in a hurry