Lesson 6 The sporting spirit体育的精神

I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield.

语法分析:  

I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations（that… 宾语从句1）, and that if only the common peoples of the world could（虚拟语气） meet one another at football or cricket（if... 条件状语从句）, they would have（虚拟语气） no inclination to meet on the battlefield（that… 宾语从句2）. （when... 时间状语从句）

知识点（1）Lesson03-03、Lesson03-19

amaze sb. 使某人惊讶 （多强调令人迷惑不解的惊讶）

When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman. 

【近义词组】表达“使某人惊讶”：

surprise sb. （没场合限制）

astonish sb. （语气重；难以置信）

He was astonished at what he found. A man was lying in the box on top of a pile of woolen goods.

astound / dumbfound sb. （强调把人惊呆了）

The police were astounded when Mrs. Ramsay told them what she had done.

知识点（2）Lesson03-34

语法：并列宾语从句，第一个that可省略，第二个不能省略

Galileo’s observations show (that) Copernicus, another great astronomer, was right and that the earth moves around the sun, not the other way around.

He agreed that a train did come into the station at the time on the paper and that it did stop, but only to take on mail, not passengers.

I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield.

知识点（3）

If only 既可以引导简单句、也可以引导条件状语从句；表达对于难以实现愿望的一直惋惜，“希望是这样的，可惜没有”；一般用虚拟语气

If only I were as clever as you are!

If only they were here now, we would be able to celebrate their wedding anniversary.

【辨析】

only if … 只有… 才…；用真实语气

She will go only if Peter goes. 

Only if Peter goes will she go. （部分倒装）

Even if one didn't know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.

语法分析: 

Even if one didn't（可以用虚拟语气） know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance) （from… 介词短语做状语，前置） that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred（that… 宾语从句）（Even if… 引导让步状语从句）, one could deduce it from general principles.

知识点（1）Lesson03-10

短语用法：even if 和 even though区别

Even if 此处翻译为“即使”，假设；而 Even though 表示已经发生的结果

Even if you dislike ancient monuments（古迹）, Warwick Castle is worth a visit.

Even though you dislike ancient monuments, Warwick Castle is worth a visit.

The villagers have told him that they will not accept the inn even if he gives it away.

Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather, for even though it was still summer, it rained continually and it was often bitterly cold.

The hardened professional smuggler, on the other hand, is never troubled by such feelings, even if he has five hundred gold watches hidden in his suitcase.

Even if you travel in ideal weather, sea journeys take a long time.

She was sentimentally attached to this house, for even though it was far too big for her needs, she persisted in living there long after her husband's death.

I immediately embarked on an experiment which, even though it failed to get rid of the ants, kept me fascinated for twenty-four hours.

知识点（2）

solid / concrete adj.具体的

solid / concrete examples / conditions

【反义词】

abstract adj.抽象的

Beauty itself is abstract.

知识点（3）【扩展】课文背景：1936年奥运会

The 11th Olympic Games in Berlin, when Adolf Hitler was in authority.

It was a historical mistake. The Nazi government saw the Olympics as a golden opportunity to promote their fascist ideology, that was to purify and strengthen the Germanic Aryan population.

Hitler wanted to take advantage of this opportunity to advertise the blond hair, blue-eyed Aryan racial superiority.

Ironically, American black athlete Jesse Owens was the star of the 1936 Olympic Games, who won 4 gold medals.

This made Hitler disgraced and increased his hatred towards other nations.

翻译：

第 11 届柏林奥运会，当时阿道夫·希特勒上台。这是一个历史错误。 纳粹政府将奥运会视为宣传其法西斯意识形态的黄金机会，即净化和加强日耳曼雅利安人种。希特勒想利用这个机会宣传金发蓝眼的雅利安人的种族优越性。具有讽刺意味的是，美国黑人运动员杰西欧文斯是 1936 年奥运会的明星，他获得了 4 枚金牌。这让希特勒蒙羞，并增加了他对其他国家的仇恨。

知识点（4）

orgies of … / an orgy of … 疯狂的……；过度的……

orgies of hatred 疯狂的仇恨

an orgy of killing 疯狂的杀戮

an orgy of spending before Christmas 疯狂的购物

【近义词组】表达“过分的行为”：

binge / spree

He went on a drinking binge over the weekend. 

The girls went on a shopping spree on Saturday.

Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive.

知识点（1）

practise / practice v. 经常做，从事

practice n. 习俗，惯例

On the other hand, your stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat—the normally accepted practice in many northern countries.

You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win.

知识点（1）

do / try one’s utmost to do 竭尽全力做某事

= do / try one’s best to do

Though the doctor did his best, the patient's recovery was slow.

【近义词组】表达“竭尽全力做某事”：

go to great lengths to do Lesson03-28

The man went to great lengths to prove that the diamonds were real. 

endeavor / endeavour to do

We endeavour to avoid the old, romantic idea of a gusher, which wastes oil and gas.

spare no effort to do 不遗余力的 Lesson04-02

I will spare no effort to learn English.

give one’s all to do 

go all out to do

托福听力真题： 

A. They should wait for John to bring the dessert.

B. He thinks John must have spent a lot of money for the dinner.

C. The dessert also looks impressive.

D. He helped John make the sandwiches.

W: Look at the delicious sandwiches. John’s really gone all out this time. 

M: Just wait until you see the dessert.

Q: What does the man imply?

Answer: (C) The dessert also looks impressive. 

对话: Just wait until…

Part 1 of the movie was amazing.

Just wait until you see Part 2. 

Part 2 is even better

On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused.

语法分析: 

On the village green（地点状语）, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved（where... 非限定性定语从句）, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but（并列、转折） as soon as the question of prestige arises（时间状语从句1）, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose（if... 条件状语从句）（that… 宾语从句）（时间状语从句2）, the most savage combative instincts are aroused.

知识点（1）

pick up sides 一群人随意组成两个球队进行比赛

知识点（2）

local patriotism 地方主义

知识点（3）

question of prestige 声望问题

question of pride 面子问题 【复习】Lesson03-46

It is a question of pride as much as anything else. 

question of time 时间问题

She is so talented and diligent that her success is only a question of time. 

【扩展】Lesson03-46、Lesson04-06、Lesson04-19、Lesson04-33

matter of … …的事

Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. （钱的事）

It’s only a matter of time. 时间的事

It’s a matter of personal taste. 个人品味问题

It’s a matter of preference.  爱好问题

It’s a matter of interest. 兴趣问题

It’s a matter of life and death. 生死攸关的事

I can’t take the money. It’s a matter of principle. 原则问题

知识点（4）

arise v.（不希望的事）问题、矛盾、纠纷…出现

时态：arise、arose、arisen 

arise from … 由…而出现

The conflict arose from tensions between different ethnic groups.

知识点（5）

unit n. group; organization 组织

知识点（6）

arouse 激起…

arouse interest / hostility / resentment

Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this.

知识点（1）Lesson03-59

语法：定语从句的先行词不能是人称代词，应该用指示代词

Those who never have to move house become indiscriminate collectors of what can only be described as clutter.

At the international level, sport is frankly mimic warfare.

知识点（1）

sport [U] 泛指体育运动

知识点（2）

frankly 坦白地说

知识点（3）

warfare  [U] 战争的种类

germ / jungle / nuclear / chemical / guerrilla / psychological warfare

But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe -- at any rate for short periods -- that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.

语法分析: 

But the significant thing is not（不是…） the behaviour of the players but（而是…） the attitude of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, (? the attitude省略) of the nations who work themselves into furies over（因为） these absurd contests, and（和前面的work并列） seriously believe—at any rate for short periods（插入语）—that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue（that… 宾语从句）. （who... 定语从句）

知识点（1）Lesson03-39、Lesson03-57、Lesson04-05、Lesson04-06

not … but … 不是……而是…… 

But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators…

not that …, but that … 不是因为… 而是因为…（平行结构、要求对仗）

Not that I love Caesar less, but that I love Rome more. —— Shakespeare ‘Julius Caesar’

Not that I love you less, but that I love liberty more.

Not that I love my teacher less, but that I love truth more.

It is not that … but (that) … 不是因为……，而是因为……

It was not that I actually remembered anything at all. But my father had described over and over again what we should see at every milestone, after leaving the nearest town, so that I was positive I should recognize it as familiar territory.

 考研英语，英译汉：

 It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.

翻译：这不是因为在第一种磅秤与另一种天平的构造原理或工作方式不同； 而是因为后者是一种更精密的多的仪器，当然在测量上比前者更准确。

知识点（2）

spectator n.[C] 观众；（普通可数名词）（多指看体育比赛的）

【辨析】

audience n.[C] 观众；（集体性名词）

viewer n. 专指电视观众

onlooker / looker-on n.看热闹的人

知识点（3）【复习】Lesson04-05

It is … that / who …, not … 是前者，而不是后者

It is older people who create it, not the young themselves.

课文写法替换：利用Lesson04-05的句型表达相似含义

But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators…

It is the attitude of the spectators that is significant, not the behavior of the players.

It is the attitude of the spectators that is significant / that is of significance, not the behavior of the players.

It is the attitude of the spectators that is significant / that is of significance / that matters / that counts（重要）, not the behavior of the players. 

It is the thought that counts（重要）. 心意最重要

知识点（4）

work sb. into … 使某人产生某种情绪

He worked himself into a rage.

He worked his audience into enthusiasm. 

at any rate 含义1：无论如何

= in any case / event

= come what may

~~~~, we must go on Tuesday. 

at any rate 含义2：至少

= at least

They felt, or at any rate / at least Dan felt, both relieved and frightened.

知识点（5）

virtue 1.品德、道德；2.好的素质

（课文总结）
课文内涵总结：

把体育上升到种族主义：For example, Hitler saw the Olympics as a test of the Aryan racial superiority.

作者的观点：But the author argue that sport is only for sport; it has nothing to do with prestige or national virtue and it won’t create goodwill between the

nations.