课程介绍学习指南
First listen and then answer the question:
欢迎来到《新概念英语》第二册的学习，本册为英语基础篇，覆盖了全部的英文语法与基础知识。与《第一册》的课文(First things first)以对话为主的形式不同的是，本册(Practice and Progress)的课文都是短篇文章。
在学习《新概念英语》第二册之前，请尝试将《新一》回译(看着中文将英文的句子写出来)，正确率超过了80%才能学习本册。
本册课文结构
| 单元 | 课时 | 内容 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 第一单元 | 1~24 | 复习《新一》知识与语法 | 句子结构上强调简单句的学习 |
| 第二单元 | 25~48 | 并列句、复合句 | 句子结构上强调并列句的学习 |
| 第三单元 | 49~72 | 非谓语动词、复合句 | 句子结构上强调复合句的学习 |
| 第四单元 | 73~96 | 总复习 | 复习前面三个单元的句子结构&语法知识 |
每个单元之间除了在内容上循环往复、相互呼应之外，每个单元内部的首课都是有关句子结构的内容，每个单元的第11课会进行本单元的重点句型和语法的期中复习，每个单元的倒数两课会进行本单元的重点句型和语法的期末复习，每个单元的最后一课会进行本单元的难点部分的词汇和语法的总复习。
学习方法
学习 = 学习 + 练习
在通过《新概念英语》第一册的学习后，我们已经掌握了大部分的英语基础知识，现在学习的重心应该是在练习上面。英语不是学会的，而是练会的。你学过英文知识都记住了，但还不具备使用英语的能力。
一、确定目标
以课程、词性、语法等为单位确定要学习的目标。
二、简化
最大限度的概述理解内容，掌握目标的核心知识点。
三、提问与扩充回答
根据知识点对自己提问并尝试回答。
四、对照与反复
将自己的提问与回答记录下来，与课程对比，自己的提问/回答与原文的差别是什么？哪个更好？
找出表述不清楚的地方、错误等，并不断的去优化尝试。直到能够准确无误地复述出文章、知识点里的所有细节为止。
五、回译
看着中文翻译将英文内容默写出来。
单课学习步骤
- 听 5~10 遍课文，把不熟悉的单词看着音标多重复的大声读出来，并能流畅的阅读课文（跟读、听读）然后再去看视频讲解。
- 认真阅读学习笔记，掌握重点句型，离开笔记后在书上能找出课程中提及的句型及语法知识。
- 在学习新课之前，回顾上一课的知识点与笔记。
课文理解英语中的从句 更新于:2023-09-23 07:44:11
| 名词性从句 | 主语从句 | 一个句子做主语。 | It seemed certain that their plane would crash. |
| 宾语从句 | 一个句子来做为主语的宾语。 | I think that you are right. | |
| 表语从句 | 一个句子做表语。 | His suggestion is that we should keep calm. | |
| 同位语从句 | 一个句子做同位语去解释说明前面的名词。 | I have no doubt that he will help me. | |
| 形容词性从句 | 定语从句 | 在句子中作为定语修饰一个名词或代词。 | The car that is parked outside is mine. |
副词性从句 (状语从句) | 时间状语从句 | 句子作时间状语。 | He was calling his girlfriend when he was driving. |
| 条件状语从句 | 真实条件句/虚拟条件句 § | If he is out, I will call him tomorrow. | |
| 结果状语从句 | 如此…以至于… 是一个因果关系。 | The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water. | |
| 目的状语从句 | 事件的目的 | She took extra lessons so that she could improve her English. | |
| 原因状语从句 | 解释为什么发生 | He didn't come to the party because he was feeling sick. | |
| 让步状语从句 | 明让步、暗转折 § | Although it was raining, they went for a walk. | |
| 地点状语从句 | 通常由where， wherever引导 | I will meet you where we first met. | |
| 方式状语从句 | 通常由as， （just） as…so…， as if， as though引导。 | She smiled as if nothing had happened. | |
| 比较状语从句 | 用于比较两个事物或情况之间的相似性或差异性 | She is as talented as her sister. |
语法知识英语中的基本构词法 更新于:2024-09-24 09:31:23
基本构词法后缀可以帮助我们大量熟记单词，并可以通过后缀分析出(猜出)单词的意思，下面拿【dark】“举个栗子”
dark 词本意：昏暗的，黑暗的；词源同dross. 词义由昏暗引申为黑暗的，黑色的。
| 复数/三单 | 比较级 | 最高级 | 转名词 | 转副词 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| darks | darker | darkest | darkness | darkly |
| 转动词 vt. | 转动词 vi. | 现在分词 | 同义词 | |
| darken | darkle | darking | gloomy | fuzzy |
| 变状态 | 变词组 | 变状语 | ||
| darkish | dark blue | Dark Horse | in the dark | before dark |
常见后缀 完成记忆后在2000基本词汇基础上约能提升3~5000词汇
| X + Suff = 名词 (22个) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| -er / -or | 动词后 | …的人; 供做…的物 | islander, bottle-opener, thinker, writer, learner, passenger, designer, photo copier |
| –ist | 名词后 | 做…的人; …家; …主义者 | communist 共产主义者, Marxist 马克思主义者, socialist 社会主义者, pianist 钢琴家, typist 打字员, journalist 记者 |
| –ism | 名词后 | …主义; ..学说; …行为; …状态 | socialism 社会主义, Marxism 马克思主义, tourism 旅游业 |
| -ness | 形容词后 | 性质，状态 | darkness, carelessness, gentleness, kindness, business, sadness |
| -ing | 动词后 | 行为、状态、情况 | sightseeing, feeling, painting, finding, saving, earning, meaning, training, belonging, greeting |
| –tion | 动词后 | 动词的名词 | invitation, invention, pronunciation, composition, contribution, collection, situation |
| –sion | expression, impression, procession, permission | ||
| –ment | 动词后 | 动词变名词 | government, movement, development, equipment, announcement, punishment, treatment |
| –hood | 名词后 | 身份, 资格, 时间, 集体, 状态 | brotherhood兄弟般的关系, likelihood可能性, neighborhood邻里（关系）, childhood童年时代, boyhood少年时代, girlhood少女时代 |
| –ship | …的状态; …的技能; …术 | friendship, partnership 伙伴关系, seamanship 航海术, hardship 困苦, readership 读者群, scholarship 会员身份, ownership 所有制 | |
| –ity | 名词、形容词后 | 性质；状态；程度 | reality 现实, ability 能力, activity 活动, possibility 可能性, regularity 正规, nationality 国籍, disability 残疾, minority 少数 |
| –ence | 动词后 | …的动作、过程、品质、状态 | difference 区别, existence 存在, silence 沉默, occurrence 事件, reference 提及, conference 会议 |
| -ance | 动词后 | 行为；性质，状态 | appearance 出现, performance 表演, acceptance 接受, assistance 帮助, distance 距离 |
| -ure | 动词后 | 动作；过程；结果；功能；政府部门 | pleasure 快乐, failure 失败, exposure 暴露, closure 关闭, mixture 混合, gesture 姿势 |
| –ess | 名词、动词后 | 女性或雌性 | hostess 女主人, mistress 主妇, lioness 雌狮子, waitress 女服务员 |
| –th | 动词后 | 动作，过程 | truth 真理, strength 力量, length 长度, growth 成长, depth 深度 |
| –al | 动词后 | 动作，过程，状态 | removal 除去, survival 幸存, proposal 建议, trial 试验, approval 承认 |
| –ant | 动词后 | 做…事的人或物 | accountant 会计, applicant 申请者, consultant 请教者, servant 服务员, assistant 助手, expectant 期待者 |
| –ee | 动词后 | 受…者,…行为者 | employee 受雇者, payee 收款人, referee 受委托者, appointee 被任命者 |
| –eer | 动词后 | 与…有关者, 从事…者 | volunteer 自愿者, profiteer 不当得利者, racketeer 诈骗者 |
| -ful | 名词后 | 满量 | basketful 一篮, handful一把, houseful 满屋子 |
| –ese | 名词后 | …的人, …语 | Japanese, Cantonese 广东人, Vietnamese 越南人, Viennese 维也纳人 |
| X + Suff = 形容词 (20个) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| –ful | 名词、动词后 | 充满…的, 有…性质的 | careful, useful, helpful, hopeful, powerful, painful, merciful |
| –less | 动词后 | 无; 不做; 不能 | careless, hopeless, fatherless丧父的, harmless, rainless, countless无数的, speechless无言的 |
| –able | 动词后 | 能够; 适于…; 值得… | eatable, acceptable, laughable可笑的, comfortable |
| –ible | 动词后 | 可(被)…的; 能…的 | responsible有责任的, permissible可允许的, divisible可分的, possible可能的 |
| –ic | 名词后 | 与…有关的; 像…的; 由…产生的 | heroic英雄的, historic有历史意义的, atomic原子的, energetic精力旺盛的, electric电的 |
| –ive | 动词后 | 拥有…的性质; 有…的倾向 | inventive发明的, imaginative富有想象力的, sensitive敏感的, effective有效的, expressive表情丰富的 |
| –ous | 动词后 | 具有…的; 多…的; 有…特性的 | various, nervous, continuous连续的, poisonous有毒的, anxious, mountainous多山的, dangerous, courageous英勇的 |
| –y | 名词后 | 有…的; 由…构成, 似…的; 有点…的 | healthy, wealthy, rainy, windy, silky, greedy, smelly有臭味的 |
| –ly | 名词后 | 像…的; 有…性质的; 反复发生的 | friendly, motherly母亲似的, manly在男子气的, monthly每月的 |
| –ant | 名词后 | 有…性质的 | important, distant, ignorant无知的 |
| –ent | 动词后 | …的状态 | different, independent, impatient, frequent经常的, excellent极好的 |
| –en | 名词后 | 由…制的 | wooden, woolen羊毛的, golden金的 |
| –ern | 名词后 | 朝...的方向 | western, eastern, northern, southern |
| –al | 名词后 | 像…的; 与…有关的 | personal, electrical电的, cultural, natural, national |
| –ish | 名词后 | 似…的; …的 | selfish自私的, childish似孩童的, foolish |
| –like | 名词后 | 像…的 | childlike孩子般天真的, godlike上帝般的, lifelike栩栩如生的 |
| –ary | 名词后 | 与…有关的; …的 | revolutionary革命的, imaginary虚构的, momentary瞬间的, primary首要的, ordinary普通的 |
| –ed | 名词后 | 有…的; 特有…的 | skilled有技术的, talented有天赋的, wooded林木茂密的 |
| –some | 形容词后 | 易于…的, 有…倾向的; 产生…的 | lonesome寂寞的, handsome英俊的, tiresome讨厌的, fearsome可怕的, burdensome沉重的 |
| –an | 名词后 | …的, 与…有关的, …风格的 | Canadian加拿大的, Australian澳大利亚的, Mexican墨西哥的, American, European欧洲的 |
| X + Suff = 动词 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| –ize / -ise | 名词后 | 使成为, 使能够, 作…处理 | realize实现, industrialize工业化, mechanize机械化, nationalize使国有化, revolutionize使革命化, modernize使现代化 |
| –ify | 名词后 | 使成为…的; 使…化 | beautify美化, terrify使惊吓, electrify电气化, magnify放大 |
| –en | 形容词后 | 使有, 使得 | strengthen加强, deepen加深, darken使变黑, shorten使变短, fasten扎牢 |
| –ate | 名词后 | 使, 作为… | activate使活动, motivate激发, liberate解放, separate分开, hibernate冬眠 |
| X + Suff = 副词 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| –ly | 形容后 | adj. ⇒ adv. | really, simply, happily, publicly, happily, lastly, lately, excitedly |
| –ward | 介词后 | ...方向 | upward, inward, westward, homeward, backward |
单词句型动词的双写规则 更新于:2024-10-01 04:01:09
In a one-syllable verb ending in one consonant letter preceded by one vowel letter, double the final consonant letter (never double "w, x, y").
| beg | begging | begged |
| blur | blurring | blurred |
| flip | flipping | flipped |
| plan | planning | planned |
| stop | stopping | stopped |
| thin | thinning | thinned |
| rub | rubbing | rubbed |
| split | splitting | (split) |
| step | stepping | stepped |
| stir | stirring | stirred |
| swim | swimming | (swam, swum) |
| tap | tapping | tapped |
| wrap | wrapping | wrapped |
| fix | fixing | fixed |
| play | playing | played |
| plow | plowing | plowed |
If the verb ends with "e", drop "e", then add "ing" or "ed". Do not double the consonant letter.
| come | coming | (come, came) |
| date | dating | dated |
| dine | dining | dined |
| hide | hiding | (hid, hidden) |
| hope | hoping | hoped |
| injure | injuring | injured |
| ride | riding | (rode, ridden) |
| slide | sliding | slid |
| smile | smiling | smiled |
| type | typing | typed |
| write | writing | (wrote, written) |
If a verb has two vowel letters before the final consonant letter, do not double the consonant letter.
| bleed | bleeding | (bled) |
| eat | eating | (ate; eaten) |
| rain | raining | rained |
| ruin | ruining | ruined |
| seat | seating | seated |
| fool | fooling | fooled |
| dream | dreaming | dreamed/dreamt |
| feel | feeling | felt |
When a verb ends with "y", and before "y", it's a consonant, change "y" to "i", and then add "ed". (Never double "y, x, w")
| carry | carrying | carried |
| dry | drying | dried |
| fry | frying | fried |
| fly | flying | (flew; flown) |
| reply | replying | replied |
| study | studying | studied |
| try | trying | tried |
| worry | worrying | worried |
When a verb ends with "y" and before "y" there is only one vowel letter, do not change "y" to "i"; simply add "ing" or "ed".
| buy | buying | (bought) |
| employ | employing | employed |
| enjoy | enjoying | enjoyed |
| play | playing | played |
| pray | praying | prayed |
| stay | staying | stayed |
For a two-syllable or three-syllable verb, if the last syllable is stressed, follow the one-syllable word spelling rule to double the final consonant letter.
| acquit | acquitting | acquitted |
| admit | admitting | admitted |
| begin | beginning | (began, begun) |
| commit | committing | committed |
| control | controlling | controlled |
| deter | deterring | deterred |
| excel | excelling | excelled |
| occur | occurring | occurred |
| prefer | preferring | preferred |
| refer | referring | referred |
| submit | submitting | submitted |
| transfer | transferring | transferred |
If the last syllable is not stressed, do not double the final consonant letter.
| budget | budgeting | budgeted |
| benefit | benefiting | benefited |
| cancel | canceling | canceled (US) |
| counsel | counseling | counseled |
| happen | happening | happened |
| listen | listening | listened |
| marvel | marveling | marveled |
| offer | offering | offered |
| open | opening | opened |
| quarrel | quarreling | quarreled |
| ripen | ripening | ripened |
| visit | visiting | visited |
| travel | traveling | traveled (US) |
| vomit | vomiting | vomited |
| worship | worshiping | worshiped (US) |
Exceptions
| quit | quitting | (quit) |
| debut | debuting | debuted |
| exit | exiting | exited |
| tie | tying | tied |
| die | dying | died |
| lie | lying | lied |