Lesson 1 A Private Conversation私人谈话 简单句
First listen and then answer the question: Why did the writer complain to the people behind him?
Last week I went to the theatre.
上星期我去看戏。
I had a very good seat.
我的座位很好。
The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it.
戏很有意思，但我却无法欣赏。
A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me.
一青年男子与一青年女子坐在我的身后。
They were talking loudly.
大声地说着话。
I got very angry. I could not hear the actors.
我非常生气，因为我听不见演员在说什么。
I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily.
我回过头去怒视着那一男一女。
They did not pay any attention.
他们却毫不理会。
In the end, I could not bear it.
最后, 我忍不住了。
I turned round again. "I can't hear a word!" I said angrily.
又一次回过头去，生气地说 : “我一个字也听不见了！”
"It's none of your business, " the young man said rudely. "This is a private conversation!"
“不关你的事，”那男的毫不客气地说，“这是私人间的谈话！”
课文理解简单陈述句 更新于:2024-12-05 11:52:17
Last week I went to the theatre. 主谓(一般过去时)
| go to the | 地点 表示去某地(做什么) |
|
| 人/职业 + 's 去这个人(家里、店铺、公司等) |
|
部分名词前不加冠词(强调特有功能：医院=看病、学校=上学)
- go home 回家（home 地点副词直接修饰动词go）
- I am at home. 在家(be 动词表状态)
- go fishing 钓鱼
- go skiing 滑雪
- go swimming 游泳
- go dancing 跳舞
| 强调功能时 | 强调地点时（工作、学习、生活等） | 特指地点 |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
句型结构
| Last week | I | went | to the theatre |
|---|---|---|---|
| 时间状语（什么时间） | 主语（谁） | 谓语（做什么） | 地点状语（什么地点） |
I had a very good seat. 主谓宾 = I had a seat.
seat n.座位、席位，职位
- the front seat of a car 汽车的前座
- She did not even look up when I took my seat beside her.
- Was she wearing a seat belt? 她系着座椅安全带吗？
| have a seat. 请坐 |
|
|---|
The play was very interesting. 主系表
| The play | was | very interesting |
|---|---|---|
| 主语 | 系动词 | 表语 |
课文的开始使用了3 种不同的简单句结构，在英语中这些结构使用频率较高。
I did not enjoy it. 主谓宾
| 陈述句 | 否定句 |
|---|---|
| I enjoyed it. 主+谓+宾 | I did not enjoy it.主+谓+宾 |
enjoy + n. = 喜欢(从当中得到一种享受)
- enjoy the music / book / class.
- enjoy the dinner / film / program / game
| enjoy oneself (玩的开心) | enjoy + doing |
|---|---|
|
A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. 主谓（过去进行时）
behind prep.在（或向）…的后面（介词后面要接词，所以: 在 ... 的后面写成 behind sth./sb.）
- I put one of the cushions behind his head. 我把其中一个垫子放在了他脑后。
- They were parked behind the truck. 它们被停在了卡车后面。
| A young man and a young woman | were sitting | behind me |
|---|---|---|
| 主语 | 谓语（过去进行时） | 地点状语 |
They were talking loudly. 主谓
| They | were talking | loudly |
|---|---|---|
| 主语 | 谓语（过去进行时） | 副词(修饰前面动词) |
I got ... angry. 主系表
get angry 变得生气
- Things got bad recently. 事情变糟糕了。
- I was ill, but l'm getting better. 我生病了，但我正在好转。
| 主 | 系 | 表 |
|---|---|---|
| I | am/was | angry. be动词表状态，生气已是一个事实 |
| get/got | angry. 强调变化过程 | |
| It | is/was | hot. 天气热 |
| get/got | hot. 天气变得好热 |
got 可取代 be 动词做为一个半联系动词,可以直接加形容词组成【主系表】结构，表：逐渐变得...
I turned round. 我转过身来。
| round adv. 旋转，环绕 | around adv. 围绕，环绕 |
|---|---|
| I turned round. 我转过身去(上半身转过去) | I turned around. 我转过身去(转一圈) |
In the end, I could not bear it.(can的过去式)
| in the end 最后，终于 | She tried hard to finish her homework by herself. In the end, she had to ask her brother for help. 她努力自己完成家庭作业。最后，她不得不向她哥哥求助。 |
|---|---|
| at last 终于，最后 | At last he had his own wheels.他终于有了自己的汽车。 |
| finally 终于\总之\最后\决定性地 | Finally she drifted into sleep.最后她不知不觉地睡着了。 |
| eventually 最终，结果 | Troops eventually quelled the unrest.部队最终镇压了动乱。 |
It's none of your business. 关你屁事
none of ... 都不(大于三者)
- None of them could sing in tune.他们中没有一个人能唱得合调。
- She has lost none of her naivety. 她丝毫没有失去那份天真烂漫。
- None of us can foretell what lies ahead. 我们谁都不能预知未来。
| none 全无(强调全都无) | neither of ... 都没有 (两者之间) |
|---|---|
| She kept none of his letters. 他的信件她一封也没有保留。 | Neither of us had ever skied.我们俩谁也没有滑过雪。 |
| no one 没有任何人(等于nobody) | not any 没有任何的 |
| No one doubted his ability.没有人怀疑他的能力。 | Not any more 不再（等于 no more） |
one’s business 指某人（所关心的或份内）的事
- It's none of your business?关你什么事?
- None of your business. 和你没关系。
- It's my business. 这是我自己的事。
- It is my business to look after your health. 我必须照顾你的身体健康。
| some of ......中的一些 | We showed them some of our photos. 我们给他们看了我们的一些照片。 |
|---|---|
| none of ... ...都不 | None of the passengers and crew were injured. 没有一个乘客和机组人员受伤。 |
| All of ... ...中所有 | Did you eat all of them? 你都吃光了吗？ |
| both of ... ...两者都 | Both of my kids are at primary school. 我的两个孩子都在上小学。 |
| one of ... ...中的一个 | He's one of my dearest friends. 他是我最亲密的一位朋友。 |
语法知识简单句 更新于:2024-12-05 12:09:29
英文中的句子分类
想要学好语言，我们需要连词成句，只要把句子组织好了，我们的语言也就Ok了，句子一般有下面两种分类方式：
| 按结构划分 | 简单句（Simple Sentence） | I like to study. |
|---|---|---|
| 并列句（Compound Sentence） | I like to study, but I don't like exams. | |
| 复合句（Complex Sentence） | Because the weather is nice, we decided to go to the park. | |
| 按用途划分 | 陈述句（Declarative Sentence） | I finished my homework today. |
| 疑问句（Interrogative Sentence） | Do you have time tomorrow? | |
| 祈使句（Imperative Sentence） | Please give me a glass of water. | |
| 感叹句（Exclamatory Sentence） | What a beautiful scenery! |
简单句
简单句在英文中就是最基本的句子，只用于描述“一件事”。简单句的构成在新一中解释了多次，我们再来回顾一下简单句的“五种基本结构”：
| 结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| 主 + 谓 vi. | I study. 无动作的承受者 |
| 主 + 谓 vt. + 宾 | He eats an apple. 宾语承受主语发出的动作 |
| 主 + 谓 vt. + 宾 + 宾 | I give him a gift. 有2个承受动作的宾语(人通常是间接宾语，直接宾语通常是物) |
| 主 + 谓 vt. + 宾 + 宾补 | She loves him very much. 宾语承受动作，补语是对宾语进行了补充说明 |
| 主 + 系 + 表 | The cat looks cute.通过系动词将表语与主语联系起来，说明当前主语的状态。 |
想要描述“一件事”需要两大要素：“物质(名词 n.)+运动(动词 v.)”。主语是发出谓语的人、事物(名词 n.)、宾语是承受动作（动词 v.）的人、事物(名词 n.)。
主系表
英文的句子中必须要有一个谓语动词，否则就不能符合英文的语法，为了解决这样的不符合逻辑的情况，在英文中产生了专门用于将主语与表语连接在一起的动词，即：系动词。起一个连系作用，是为了满足英文语法而存在的，不产生其它意思（需要有时我们翻译为“是、在”）。所以这里的结构变成了“主+系+表”。系动词还是一个动词，但已没有实际的意思和动作，系动词是用于帮助构成一个句子的。为了体再这个动词无实义、无动作，所以这里修改了一个名字“系动词”。
系动词
| Be 动词（单独出现） |
|
|---|---|
| get 、become 、turn 、go 、grow ...(当翻译为“变得” 时) |
|
| look 、sound 、smell、 taste、 feel ...(感观动词) |
|
上面的感观动词翻译为“look 看起来／sound 听起来／smell 闻起来／taste 品尝起来／feel 感觉起来…”时为系动词。
还有更多的系动词将在今后的学习中出现，当实义动词为系动词时需要满足一定的条件，所以不是太常用，我们主要还是以“Be 动词”为主。所以我们的重点是了解当“Be 动词”单独出现时则为“主系表”结构。
动词的 vi. / vt.
| vi. 不及物 | vt. 及物 |
|---|---|
| 自主完成，无需要动词的承受者: 散步、远足、游泳、呼吸 | 需要一个动词的承受者:吃(苹果)、爱(学习)、想(你)、打(人) |
如果我们还不知道这个动词的词意的时候，可以通过分析后面是否有一个“介词”来判断是否及物。如果这个动词及物后面可以直接加名词/代词，反之不及物动词则需要一个中介、媒介（介词）来帮助它，如：I look at you. 这里的look 是一个不及物动词，所以我们需要一个介词 at 与 宾语 you 连接。
简单句的变化
简单句的变化前提是，基本结构不变的情况下，加入很多辅助的成分，让句子内容变长、变难(使用更多的修饰让句子更丰富)
| 句型 | 句子的变换 | 修饰方法 |
|---|---|---|
| 陈述句 | Birds fly. 主+谓 | Little birds fly happily. 形容词Littl修改名词birds,副词happily修饰动词fly |
| 改变时态 | Birds will fly. 主+谓 | In autumn birds will fly in the sky. 时间介词短语、地点介词短语 |
| 否定句 | Birds will not fly. 主+谓 | In autumn little birds will not fly happily in the sky. 加入全部修饰 |
单词句型句子的语序 更新于:2024-12-05 12:19:10
| 时间状语 | 主语 | 谓语/系动词 | 宾语 | 状语(介词/副词短语) | 地点状语 | 时间状语 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| When? | Who / Which / What? | What / How? | Who / Which / What? | How？ | Where？ | When？ |
| Last week | I | went | - | to the theatre. | Last week | |
| had | a very good seat. | - | ||||
| They play | was | - | very interesting. | - | ||
| I | did not enjoy | it. | - | |||
| A yaoung man and a young woman | were sitting | - | behind me. | |||
| They | were talking | - | loudly. | - | ||
简单陈述句的变化(谓语动词的变化)
一个句子中，核心的部分就是“一主 + 一谓”来说明一件事，将来的长难句中，我们可以通过区别谓语动词来分析一句话说了几件事。谓语动词做为核心。
| 时态 | 语态 | 情态 | 否定 |
|---|---|---|---|
| They were talking loudly. | It was bought by my grandfather. | I could not hear the actors. | I did not enjoy it. |
谓语动词“三态一否”包括了：“时态变化、语态的变化、情态的变化、与否定形式”。谓语动词不特指某一个单词，我们在“三态一否”中要把谓语动词看着是一个集合（短语、语法块 chunck ...）。
练习 请根据上述表格顺序将下面的内容组成正确的句子
- the film 、enjoyed、yesterday、I
- the news、listened to、carefully、She
- well、The boy、 the piano、played
- games 、played、yesterday、 in their room、The children、quietly
- quietly 、the door、He、opened
- immediately 、left、He
- a tree 、in the corner、 of the Church 、The vicar、planted
- before lunch 、the letter 、in his office 、quickly 、He、read
- this morning、a book 、I、from the library、borrowed
- the soup、 spoilt、The cook
- There 、a lot of people、are、at the bus stop
- We 、at home 、stay、on Sundays
- The little boy、an apple、this morning 、ate、greedily、in the kitchen
- She、 beautifully、draws
- music、 likes、very much、She
- a new school、 built、they、 in our village、last year
- The match、at four o'clock、ended
- She 、a letter、 from her brother、 last week、received
扩展知识简单陈述句分类 更新于:2024-12-05 12:22:42
五大分类
男女主角相遇了，男生对女生说，你很漂亮、也很有趣，所以我想告诉你一个秘密：“我爱你~”
| 句子 | 结构 |
|---|---|
| They meet. | 主+谓 |
| I love you. | 主+谓+宾 |
| I tell you a secret. | 主+谓+双宾 |
| I find you interesting. | 主+谓+宾+宾补 |
| You are beautiful. | 主+系+表 |
不规则动词的变化 §
| 原型 | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 现在分词（留空表按规则变化） |
|---|---|---|---|
| go | went | gone | |
| have | had | having | |
| do | did | done | |
| be | was/were | been | |
| sit | sat | sitting | |
| get | got | got/gotten | getting |
| pay | paid | ||
| bear | bore | borne | |
| say | said | ||
过去式只用于“一般过去时”里。而过去分词可以用于“完成时态”、“被动语态”、“非谓语”等。
词汇延展Pattern drill 更新于:2024-11-05 09:27:15
| 语料 | walk | across the stage | slow |
|---|---|---|---|
| 问句 | How did she walk across the stage? | ||
| 回答 | She walked very slowly across the stage. | ||
| 语料 | Behave | at the theatre | rude/bad |
|---|---|---|---|
| 问句 | |||
| 回答 | |||
| 语料 | Drive | through the park | quick/slow |
|---|---|---|---|
| 问句 | |||
| 回答 | |||
| 语料 | Sleep | on the train | sound/quiet |
|---|---|---|---|
| 问句 | |||
| 回答 | |||
| 语料 | listen | to his story | patient/careful |
|---|---|---|---|
| 问句 | |||
| 回答 | |||
语料：hear the radio 例
问题:
回答:
语料：hear the actors
问题:
回答:
语料：see those men
问题:
回答:
语料：see the theatre
问题:
回答:
语料：see the policeman
问题:
回答:
语料：see her house
问题:
回答:
语料：hear the rain
问题:
回答:
语料：see the theatre
问题:
回答:
语料：hear his voice
问题:
回答:
语料：hear some music
问题:
回答:
语料: last night、a good talk on the radio 、 saw/heard
语料: just now 、a voice/knock 、 at the door
语料:last night 、a cry/shout 、outside
语料: at lunch 、a fly/hair 、 in my soup
语料: last week、a camel/monkey 、 at the zoo
语料: see the race - large - crowd 造句: Didn't you see the race? 回答: I couldn't. The crowd was too large.
- 语料：read the letter-small/bad - writing
- 语料：see her face -poor/bad - light
- 语料：swim in the lake -could/deep - water
- 语料：finish your lunch -hot/salty - food
共有5题需要完成
练习题
did the writer feel? Angry.（单选）
A、WhereB、WhyC、HowD、WhenThe writer could not bear it. He could not it.（单选）
A、carryB、sufferC、standD、liftThe writer turned round. He looked at the man and the woman angrily .（单选）
A、and they stopped talkingB、but they didn't stop talkingC、but they didn't notice himD、but they looked at him rudelyThe young man and young woman were sitting behind him. He was sitting them.（单选）
A、beforeB、aboveC、ahead ofD、in front ofThe young man and the young woman paid attention to the writer.（单选）
A、noneB、anyC、not anyD、no