Lesson 031&32 Where’s Sally?萨莉在哪里? 时态 现在进行时 国际音标

Listen to the tape then answer this question: Is the cat climbing the tree?

JEAN:

Where's Sally, Jack?

杰克,萨莉在哪儿?
JACK:

She's in the garden, Jean.

她在花园里,琼。
JEAN:

What's she doing?

她在干什么?
JACK:

She's sitting under the tree.

她正在树下坐着。
JEAN:

Is Tim in the garden, too?

蒂姆也在花园里吗?
JACK:

Yes, he is.

是的,他也在花园里。

He's climbing the tree.

他正在爬树。
JEAN:

I beg your pardon?

你说什么?

Who's climbing the tree?

谁在爬树?
JACK:

Tim is.

蒂姆在爬树。
JEAN:

What about the dog?

那么狗呢?
JACK:

The dog's in the garden, too.

狗也在花园里。

It's running across the grass.

它正在草地上跑。

It's running after a cat.

在追一只猫。
22个相关单词

与课文关联的单词

garden

/ˈɡɑːd(ə)n/n. 花园

under *

/ˈʌndə(r)/prep. 在…之下

tree

/triː/n. 树

climb

/klaɪm/v. 爬,攀登

who *

/huː/pron. 谁

run *

/rʌn/v. 跑

grass *

/ɡrɑːs/n. 草,草地

after *

/ˈɑːftə(r)/prep. 在…之后

cat

/kæt/n. 猫

type

/taɪp/v. 打字

letter *

/ˈletə(r)/n. 信

basket

/ˈbɑːskɪt/n. 篮子

basketball

/ˈbɑːskɪtbɔːl/n. 篮球

eat *

/iːt/v. 吃

bone *

/bəʊn/n. 骨头

clean *

/kliːn/v. 清洗

tooth

/tuːθ/n. 牙齿

cook

/kʊk/v. 做(饭菜)

milk

/mɪlk/n. 牛奶

meal

/miːl/n. 饭,一顿饭

drink *

/drɪŋk/v. 喝

tap

/tæp/n. (水)龙头

课文理解一家人的岁月静好 更新于:2023-12-13 05:50:57

单词音标释义例句
garden['ɡɑːdn] ['ɡɑːrdn]花园
  • in the garden 在花园里
  • a gardener 园艺师
under['ʌndə(r)]在...的之下
  • under the sun 阳光下
  • under the sea 海 底
  • There is a chair under the bed.床下面有一把椅子。
tree[triː]
  • 树下 under the tree
  • 家谱 a family tree
climb[klaɪm]爬,攀登climb the mountain 爬山
who[huː]
  • 特殊疑问词+ be+ 名词
  • 特殊疑问词+名词+ be+ …
  • Who are you? 你是谁?
  • Who is this lady? 这位女士是谁?
  • Who is that man? 那位男士是谁?
run[rʌn]
  • run after 追 赶
  • I run after the bus. 我追赶公交车。
  • a runner 跑步运动员
  • Liu xiang is a runner.
grass[ɡrɑːs] [ɡræs]草地 on the grass 在草地上
after['ɑːftə(r)] ['æftər]在...之后
  • after 3:00
  • After you! 您先请。
across[ə'krɒs]穿过
  • go across the street walk
  • across the street run
  • across the street
cat[kæt]

回忆词性分类:名词、代词、介词、动词、形容词、冠词… 动词!

  1. 动词是句子的灵魂;
  2. 所有的时态都通过改变动词来实现;
  3. 动词短语
There be 描述结构
There are two people in the room.They are talking.
There is a boy in the tree.He is climbing the tree.
There is a girl under the tree.She is reading.

* She is sitting under the tree. 她坐在树下。

  • sit → sitting(进行时)

* He is climbing the tree.他在爬树。

  • climb → climbing(进行时)

I beg your pardon? 我祈求您的原谅,您可以再说一遍吗?

  • beg [beɡ] 恳求,祈求
  • Pardon?
  • Excuse me? Sorry?
  • Say it again.

What about …? …怎么样?

反问提议
  • I am a teacher.→ What about you? 我是一个老师。 你呢?
  • I am learning English.→ What about you? 我在学英语。 你呢?
I want rice.→ What about you?我想吃饭。 你呢?

* He is acrossing the grass. 正穿过那片草地。

  • across prep. 介词不能当成动词来使用

v. + ing 只有动词才能变化时态(时间+状态)

  • He is going \ walking \ running across the grass.

It’s running after a cat.(它正在一只猫后面跑)追赶一只猫。

  • run after (在后面跑) 追赶

语法知识时间与状态 更新于:2023-12-06 02:53:00

时间状态
过去一般一般过去、一般现在、一般将来
将来进行现在进行、将来进行、过去进行
现在完成现在完成、将来完成、过去完成
时态学习难度结构例句
一般过去时★★☆☆☆

主语 + was/were + 非动词

He was a sutdent. 他曾是学生
主语 + didI traveled to Paris last year.(我去年去了巴黎。)
一般现在时★★☆☆☆主语 + is/am/are + 非动词I am a father. 我是一个父亲
主语 + do/doesShe works at a bank.(她在一家银行工作。)
一般将来时★★★☆☆主语 + is/am/are + going to + doI am going to work. 我要开始工作了。
主语 + will + doThey will visit their grandparents next week.(他们下周要去拜访他们的祖父母。)
现在进行时★★☆☆☆主语 + am/is/are + doingHe is studying for his exam right now.(他现在正在为考试而学习。)
将来进行时★★★☆☆主语 + will be + doingI will be traveling to Japan this time next month.(我下个月的这个时候将会在日本旅行。)
过去进行时★★★☆☆主语 + was/were + doingShe was playing tennis when it started raining.(下雨时她正在打网球。)
现在完成时★★★★★主语 + have/has + doneWe have visited that museum before.(我们以前参观过那个博物馆。)
将来完成时★★★★☆主语 + will have + doneBy the time you arrive, I will have finished cooking dinner.(等你到达的时候,我会已经做完晚餐了。)
过去完成时★★★★☆主语 + had + doneThey had already left when I arrived.(当我到达时,他们已经离开了。)

现在进行时 (Present Continuous Tense)

此时此刻正在做的动作变为了状态。

  • 肯定句:主语 + am/is/are + 动词的现在分词
  • 否定句:主语 + am not/is not/are not + 动词的现在分词
  • 疑问句:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 动词的现在分词

注:这里的 is/am/are 成为了助动词。它们是来帮助由原来实义动词变为现在分词后,组成一个合法的句子的。动词变为现在分词后,大多时候表当前时间+状态,已不再是动词,如果不使用is/am/are来帮助,句子就不再合法。

动词现在分词例句
readreadingHe is reading a book.(他正在读一本书。)
eateatingThey are eating dinner.(他们正在吃晚餐。)
drinkdrinkingShe is drinking water.(她正在喝水。)
sleepsleepingI am sleeping right now.(我现在正在睡觉。)
playplayingThe children are playing in the park.(孩子们在公园里玩耍。)
singsingingShe is singing a song.(她正在唱歌。)
swimswimmingHe is swimming in the pool.(他在游泳池里游泳。)
runrunningThey are running in the race.(他们正在赛跑。)
writewritingI am writing a letter.(我正在写信。)

现在分词是动词的一种特殊形式,它通常以-ing结尾。现在分词可以用作多种用途,包括构成进行时态、形容词和从属连词等。根据上下文的不同,现在分词可以具有名词、形容词或副词的功能。

作为动词的一种形式,现在分词保留了一些动词的特征,例如时态(进行时态)、语态(被动语态)和动作性(及物动词还是不及物动词)。同时,现在分词也具有形容词的性质,可以修饰名词,并且可以与连系动词连用构成表语。


现在分词变化规则

规则例子
一般情况下,在动词原形上加-ing后缀read → reading(读 → 正在读)
单音节动词,以一个辅音字母结尾且同时拥有一个元音字母run → running(跑 → 正在跑)
hit → hitting(打 → 正在打)
以-e结尾的动词,去掉末尾的-e再加上-ing后缀take → taking(拿 → 正在拿)
write → writing(写 → 正在写)
以-ie结尾的动词,将-ie变为-y再加上-ing后缀lie → lying(躺 → 正在躺)
die → dying(死 → 正在死)
以重读闭音节结尾,并且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词stop → stopping(停止 → 正在停止)
swim → swimming(游泳 → 正在游泳)

句子结构

Heis reading a book.
(语)(语)(语)

与一般现在时不同的是,这里的谓语是:助动词 + 现在分词,所以:I'm running.是一个主谓结构。


is/am/are 的选择(主谓一致)

I amrunning.
reading.
walking.
swimming.
cooking.
typing.
You are
She is
He is
It is
需要注意的是,这只是一般规则,在特定语境下可能会有例外。例如,当强调某个名词时,可以使用 "is" 或 "are" 来表示主语与动作的关系。例如:"The team is running."(团队正在跑步。)
句子类型结构句子示例
否定句主语 + am not/is not/are not + 现在分词She is not running.她不在跑步。
一般疑问句Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 现在分词?Is she running?她在跑步吗?
特殊疑问句Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 现在分词?What is she doing?她在做什么?

单词句型现在进行时练习 更新于:2024-11-18 09:02:51

单词音标变化意思示例
type[taɪp]type → typing v.打字She is typing.(她在打字。)
letter['letə(r)]letter ≠ lattern.信a love letter(情书)
basket['bɑːskɪt]basket ⇒ basketballn.篮子basketball(篮球)
eat[iːt]eat → eatingv.吃I am eating.(我在吃饭。)
bone[bəʊn]lazy bone 懒汉n.骨头He has a bone.(他有一根骨头。)
clean[kliːn]clean → cleaningv.清洗 / adj.干净的
  • The room is clean.(房间很干净。)
  • clean the room 打扫房间
tooth[tuːθ]toot → teeth 复数n.牙齿
  • I have a toothache.(我牙疼。)
  • foot → feet 复数
  • toothbrush 牙刷(单数是惯例)
cook[kʊk]cook → cookingv.做饭My mother is cooking.(我妈在做饭。)
milk[mɪlk]milk → milkingn.牛奶I drink milk.(我喝牛奶。)
meal[miːl]meal ⇒ mealtimen.饭,一顿饭Let's have a meal together.(我们一起吃饭吧。)
drink[drɪŋk]drink → drinkingv.喝She is drinking some water.(她在喝水。)
tap[tæp]tap ≠ tapen.水龙头Turn on the tap.(打开水龙头。)
water faucet['fɔːsɪt] -n.水龙头Turn off the water faucet.(关上水龙头。)

What’s she \ he \ it doing?

  1. Open the window! → He is opening the window.
  2. Sharpen this pencil! → She is sharpening the pencil.
  3. Dust the cupboard! → Sh is dusting the cupboard.
  4. Empty the basket! → She is emptying the basket.
  5. Look at the picture! → He is looking at the picture.

扩展知识英语中的连读 更新于:2024-11-18 09:03:40

辅音 + 元音的连读

  • put on / take off / pick up / clean it up / under it(穿上/脱下/拿起/整理它/在下面)
  • It is an old book.(这是一本旧书。)
  • She was in an office. Isn't it?(她在办公室里。不是吗?)
  • Here are four eggs...(这里有四个鸡蛋...)

辅音+半元音

  • Thank you.
  • I love you.
  • Nice to meet you.
  • Did you get there?
  • Could you help me?

句子补充

  • Let me have a look at it.(让我看看它。)
  • Not at all.(不客气。)
  • Please pick it up.(请捡起它。)
  • I'd like to eat it.(我想吃它。)
连读规则
n + 元音/nɔː/ 呢an apple
r + 元音/rɔː/ 若there is
l + 元音/lɔː/ 了all of
t + 元音/d/it is
爆破辅音(pbtdkg)空一拍don't worry.
辅音相同读一个Yes,sir.
[i:] + 元音/j/see it.
[u:] + 元音/w/do it.
t + y/tʃu:/want you
d + y/dʒu:/need you
s + y/ʃu:/miss you

额外补充48个英语音标 更新于:2024-11-18 13:39:15

元音

短元音 6辅记长元音 5辅记元音组合 8辅记
/ ɒ / hot /hɒt/ / ɑː / car /kɑːr/// day /d/
/ ə / about /əˈbaʊt// ɜː / bird /bɜːrd// / boat /bt/ 英: /bəʊt/
/ ɪ / sit /sɪt/// see /s/// eye //
/ ʊ / look /lʊk/// zoo /z/// cow /k/
/ e / bed /bed// ɔː / saw /sɔː// ɔɪ / 哦哎boy /bɔɪ/
/ æ / cat /kæt/  / ɪə / 衣儿here /hɪər/
/ ʌ / cup /kʌp/  // 诶儿air /r/
    / ʊə / 物儿tour /tʊər/

辅音

轻辅音 11辅记浊辅音 11辅记
/ p / pen /pen// b / ball /bɔːl/
/ t / two /tuː// d / dog /dɔːɡ/
/ k / cat /kæt// ɡ / green /ɡriːn/
/ f / fish /fɪʃ// v / van /væn/
/ θ / 思(咬舌)think /θɪŋk// ð / 滋(咬舌)this /ðɪs/
/ s / sun /sʌn// z / zoo /zuː/
/ ʃ / 湿ship /ʃɪp// ʒ / vision /ˈvɪʒ(ə)n/
/ h / hat /hæt/// judge /ʌ/
/ ts / cats /kæts// dz / friends /frendz/
// chair /er// dr / dream /driːm/
/ tr / tree /triː// r / red /red/

鼻音与半元音

鼻音 3辅记半元音 2辅记舌侧音 2辅记
/ m / moon /muːn// j / yes /jes// l / light /laɪt/
/ n / nose /noʊz// w / wet /wet// l / Lbell /bel/
/ ŋ / engring /rɪŋ/