Lesson 031&32 Where’s Sally?萨莉在哪里? 时态 现在进行时 国际音标
Listen to the tape then answer this question: Is the cat climbing the tree?
JEAN: | Where's Sally, Jack? 杰克,萨莉在哪儿? |
JACK: | She's in the garden, Jean. 她在花园里,琼。 |
JEAN: | What's she doing? 她在干什么? |
JACK: | She's sitting under the tree. 她正在树下坐着。 |
JEAN: | Is Tim in the garden, too? 蒂姆也在花园里吗? |
JACK: | Yes, he is. 是的,他也在花园里。 He's climbing the tree. 他正在爬树。 |
JEAN: | I beg your pardon? 你说什么? Who's climbing the tree? 谁在爬树? |
JACK: | Tim is. 蒂姆在爬树。 |
JEAN: | What about the dog? 那么狗呢? |
JACK: | The dog's in the garden, too. 狗也在花园里。 It's running across the grass. 它正在草地上跑。 It's running after a cat. 在追一只猫。 |
与课文关联的单词
garden
/ˈɡɑːd(ə)n/n. 花园under *
/ˈʌndə(r)/prep. 在…之下tree
/triː/n. 树climb
/klaɪm/v. 爬,攀登who *
/huː/pron. 谁run *
/rʌn/v. 跑grass *
/ɡrɑːs/n. 草,草地after *
/ˈɑːftə(r)/prep. 在…之后cat
/kæt/n. 猫type
/taɪp/v. 打字letter *
/ˈletə(r)/n. 信basket
/ˈbɑːskɪt/n. 篮子basketball
/ˈbɑːskɪtbɔːl/n. 篮球eat *
/iːt/v. 吃bone *
/bəʊn/n. 骨头clean *
/kliːn/v. 清洗tooth
/tuːθ/n. 牙齿cook
/kʊk/v. 做(饭菜)milk
/mɪlk/n. 牛奶meal
/miːl/n. 饭,一顿饭drink *
/drɪŋk/v. 喝tap
/tæp/n. (水)龙头课文理解一家人的岁月静好 更新于:2023-12-13 05:50:57
单词 | 音标 | 释义 | 例句 |
---|---|---|---|
garden | ['ɡɑːdn] ['ɡɑːrdn] | 花园 |
|
under | ['ʌndə(r)] | 在...的之下 |
|
tree | [triː] | 树 |
|
climb | [klaɪm] | 爬,攀登 | climb the mountain 爬山 |
who | [huː] | 谁 |
|
run | [rʌn] | 跑 |
|
grass | [ɡrɑːs] [ɡræs] | 草地 | on the grass 在草地上 |
after | ['ɑːftə(r)] ['æftər] | 在...之后 |
|
across | [ə'krɒs] | 穿过 |
|
cat | [kæt] | 猫 |
回忆词性分类:名词、代词、介词、动词、形容词、冠词… 动词!
- 动词是句子的灵魂;
- 所有的时态都通过改变动词来实现;
- 动词短语
There be 描述结构 | |
---|---|
There are two people in the room. | They are talking. |
There is a boy in the tree. | He is climbing the tree. |
There is a girl under the tree. | She is reading. |
* She is sitting under the tree. 她正坐在树下。
- sit → sitting(进行时)
* He is climbing the tree.他正在爬树。
- climb → climbing(进行时)
I beg your pardon? 我祈求您的原谅,您可以再说一遍吗?
- beg [beɡ] 恳求,祈求
- Pardon?
- Excuse me? Sorry?
- Say it again.
What about …? …怎么样?
反问 | 提议 |
---|---|
| I want rice.→ What about you?我想吃饭。 你呢? |
* He is acrossing the grass. 他正穿过那片草地。
- across prep. 介词不能当成动词来使用
v. + ing 只有动词才能变化时态(时间+状态)
- He is going \ walking \ running across the grass.
It’s running after a cat.(它正在一只猫后面跑)它正在追赶一只猫。
- run after (在后面跑) 追赶
语法知识时间与状态 更新于:2023-12-06 02:53:00
时间 | 状态 | 时态 |
---|---|---|
过去 | 一般 | 一般过去、一般现在、一般将来 |
将来 | 进行 | 现在进行、将来进行、过去进行 |
现在 | 完成 | 现在完成、将来完成、过去完成 |
时态 | 学习难度 | 结构 | 例句 |
---|---|---|---|
一般过去时 | ★★☆☆☆ | 主语 + was/were + 非动词 | He was a sutdent. 他曾是学生 |
主语 + did | I traveled to Paris last year.(我去年去了巴黎。) | ||
一般现在时 | ★★☆☆☆ | 主语 + is/am/are + 非动词 | I am a father. 我是一个父亲 |
主语 + do/does | She works at a bank.(她在一家银行工作。) | ||
一般将来时 | ★★★☆☆ | 主语 + is/am/are + going to + do | I am going to work. 我要开始工作了。 |
主语 + will + do | They will visit their grandparents next week.(他们下周要去拜访他们的祖父母。) | ||
现在进行时 | ★★☆☆☆ | 主语 + am/is/are + doing | He is studying for his exam right now.(他现在正在为考试而学习。) |
将来进行时 | ★★★☆☆ | 主语 + will be + doing | I will be traveling to Japan this time next month.(我下个月的这个时候将会在日本旅行。) |
过去进行时 | ★★★☆☆ | 主语 + was/were + doing | She was playing tennis when it started raining.(下雨时她正在打网球。) |
现在完成时 | ★★★★★ | 主语 + have/has + done | We have visited that museum before.(我们以前参观过那个博物馆。) |
将来完成时 | ★★★★☆ | 主语 + will have + done | By the time you arrive, I will have finished cooking dinner.(等你到达的时候,我会已经做完晚餐了。) |
过去完成时 | ★★★★☆ | 主语 + had + done | They had already left when I arrived.(当我到达时,他们已经离开了。) |
现在进行时 (Present Continuous Tense)
此时此刻正在做的动作变为了状态。
- 肯定句:主语 + am/is/are + 动词的现在分词
- 否定句:主语 + am not/is not/are not + 动词的现在分词
- 疑问句:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 动词的现在分词?
注:这里的 is/am/are 成为了助动词。它们是来帮助由原来实义动词变为现在分词后,组成一个合法的句子的。动词变为现在分词后,大多时候表当前时间+状态,已不再是动词,如果不使用is/am/are来帮助,句子就不再合法。
动词 | 现在分词 | 例句 |
---|---|---|
read | reading | He is reading a book.(他正在读一本书。) |
eat | eating | They are eating dinner.(他们正在吃晚餐。) |
drink | drinking | She is drinking water.(她正在喝水。) |
sleep | sleeping | I am sleeping right now.(我现在正在睡觉。) |
play | playing | The children are playing in the park.(孩子们在公园里玩耍。) |
sing | singing | She is singing a song.(她正在唱歌。) |
swim | swimming | He is swimming in the pool.(他在游泳池里游泳。) |
run | running | They are running in the race.(他们正在赛跑。) |
write | writing | I am writing a letter.(我正在写信。) |
现在分词是动词的一种特殊形式,它通常以-ing结尾。现在分词可以用作多种用途,包括构成进行时态、形容词和从属连词等。根据上下文的不同,现在分词可以具有名词、形容词或副词的功能。
作为动词的一种形式,现在分词保留了一些动词的特征,例如时态(进行时态)、语态(被动语态)和动作性(及物动词还是不及物动词)。同时,现在分词也具有形容词的性质,可以修饰名词,并且可以与连系动词连用构成表语。
现在分词变化规则
规则 | 例子 |
---|---|
一般情况下,在动词原形上加-ing后缀 | read → reading(读 → 正在读) |
单音节动词,以一个辅音字母结尾且同时拥有一个元音字母 | run → running(跑 → 正在跑) |
hit → hitting(打 → 正在打) | |
以-e结尾的动词,去掉末尾的-e再加上-ing后缀 | take → taking(拿 → 正在拿) |
write → writing(写 → 正在写) | |
以-ie结尾的动词,将-ie变为-y再加上-ing后缀 | lie → lying(躺 → 正在躺) |
die → dying(死 → 正在死) | |
以重读闭音节结尾,并且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词 | stop → stopping(停止 → 正在停止) |
swim → swimming(游泳 → 正在游泳) |
句子结构
He | is reading | a book. |
主(语) | 谓(语) | 宾(语) |
与一般现在时不同的是,这里的谓语是:助动词 + 现在分词,所以:I'm running.是一个主谓结构。
is/am/are 的选择(主谓一致)
I am | running. reading. walking. swimming. cooking. typing. |
You are | |
She is | |
He is | |
It is |
需要注意的是,这只是一般规则,在特定语境下可能会有例外。例如,当强调某个名词时,可以使用 "is" 或 "are" 来表示主语与动作的关系。例如:"The team is running."(团队正在跑步。)
句子类型 | 结构 | 句子 | 示例 |
---|---|---|---|
否定句 | 主语 + am not/is not/are not + 现在分词 | She is not running. | 她不在跑步。 |
一般疑问句 | Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 现在分词? | Is she running? | 她在跑步吗? |
特殊疑问句 | Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 现在分词? | What is she doing? | 她在做什么? |
单词句型现在进行时练习 更新于:2024-11-18 09:02:51
单词 | 音标 | 变化 | 意思 | 示例 |
---|---|---|---|---|
type | [taɪp] | type → typing | v.打字 | She is typing.(她在打字。) |
letter | ['letə(r)] | letter ≠ latter | n.信 | a love letter(情书) |
basket | ['bɑːskɪt] | basket ⇒ basketball | n.篮子 | basketball(篮球) |
eat | [iːt] | eat → eating | v.吃 | I am eating.(我在吃饭。) |
bone | [bəʊn] | lazy bone 懒汉 | n.骨头 | He has a bone.(他有一根骨头。) |
clean | [kliːn] | clean → cleaning | v.清洗 / adj.干净的 |
|
tooth | [tuːθ] | toot → teeth 复数 | n.牙齿 |
|
cook | [kʊk] | cook → cooking | v.做饭 | My mother is cooking.(我妈在做饭。) |
milk | [mɪlk] | milk → milking | n.牛奶 | I drink milk.(我喝牛奶。) |
meal | [miːl] | meal ⇒ mealtime | n.饭,一顿饭 | Let's have a meal together.(我们一起吃饭吧。) |
drink | [drɪŋk] | drink → drinking | v.喝 | She is drinking some water.(她在喝水。) |
tap | [tæp] | tap ≠ tape | n.水龙头 | Turn on the tap.(打开水龙头。) |
water faucet | ['fɔːsɪt] 美 | - | n.水龙头 | Turn off the water faucet.(关上水龙头。) |
What’s she \ he \ it doing?
- Open the window! → He is opening the window.
- Sharpen this pencil! → She is sharpening the pencil.
- Dust the cupboard! → Sh is dusting the cupboard.
- Empty the basket! → She is emptying the basket.
- Look at the picture! → He is looking at the picture.
扩展知识英语中的连读 更新于:2024-11-18 09:03:40
辅音 + 元音的连读
- put on / take off / pick up / clean it up / under it(穿上/脱下/拿起/整理它/在下面)
- It is an old book.(这是一本旧书。)
- She was in an office. Isn't it?(她在办公室里。不是吗?)
- Here are four eggs...(这里有四个鸡蛋...)
辅音+半元音
- Thank you.
- I love you.
- Nice to meet you.
- Did you get there?
- Could you help me?
句子补充
- Let me have a look at it.(让我看看它。)
- Not at all.(不客气。)
- Please pick it up.(请捡起它。)
- I'd like to eat it.(我想吃它。)
连读规则 | ||
---|---|---|
n + 元音 | /nɔː/ 呢 | an apple |
r + 元音 | /rɔː/ 若 | there is |
l + 元音 | /lɔː/ 了 | all of |
t + 元音 | /d/ | it is |
爆破辅音(pbtdkg) | 空一拍 | don't worry. |
辅音相同 | 读一个 | Yes,sir. |
[i:] + 元音 | /j/ | see it. |
[u:] + 元音 | /w/ | do it. |
t + y | /tʃu:/ | want you |
d + y | /dʒu:/ | need you |
s + y | /ʃu:/ | miss you |
额外补充48个英语音标 更新于:2024-11-18 13:39:15
元音
短元音 6 | 辅记 | 长元音 5 | 辅记 | 元音组合 8 | 辅记 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
/ ɒ / 阿 | hot /hɒt/ | / ɑː / 啊 | car /kɑːr/ | / eɪ / 诶 | day /deɪ/ |
/ ə / 呃 | about /əˈbaʊt/ | / ɜː / 额 | bird /bɜːrd/ | / oʊ / 欧 | boat /boʊt/ 英: /bəʊt/ |
/ ɪ / 一 | sit /sɪt/ | / iː / 移 | see /siː/ | / aɪ / 爱 | eye /aɪ/ |
/ ʊ / 屋 | look /lʊk/ | / uː / 勿 | zoo /zuː/ | / aʊ / 奥 | cow /kaʊ/ |
/ e / 唉 | bed /bed/ | / ɔː / 哦 | saw /sɔː/ | / ɔɪ / 哦哎 | boy /bɔɪ/ |
/ æ / 矣 | cat /kæt/ | / ɪə / 衣儿 | here /hɪər/ | ||
/ ʌ / 阿 | cup /kʌp/ | / eə / 诶儿 | air /eər/ | ||
/ ʊə / 物儿 | tour /tʊər/ |
辅音
轻辅音 11 | 辅记 | 浊辅音 11 | 辅记 |
---|---|---|---|
/ p / 泼 | pen /pen/ | / b / 波 | ball /bɔːl/ |
/ t / 特 | two /tuː/ | / d / 的 | dog /dɔːɡ/ |
/ k / 可 | cat /kæt/ | / ɡ / 哥 | green /ɡriːn/ |
/ f / 夫 | fish /fɪʃ/ | / v / 物 | van /væn/ |
/ θ / 思(咬舌) | think /θɪŋk/ | / ð / 滋(咬舌) | this /ðɪs/ |
/ s / 思 | sun /sʌn/ | / z / 滋 | zoo /zuː/ |
/ ʃ / 湿 | ship /ʃɪp/ | / ʒ / 日 | vision /ˈvɪʒ(ə)n/ |
/ h / 喝 | hat /hæt/ | / dʒ / 吉 | judge /dʒʌdʒ/ |
/ ts / 吃 | cats /kæts/ | / dz / 直 | friends /frendz/ |
/ tʃ / 器 | chair /tʃer/ | / dr / 坠 | dream /driːm/ |
/ tr / 戳 | tree /triː/ | / r / 弱 | red /red/ |
鼻音与半元音
鼻音 3 | 辅记 | 半元音 2 | 辅记 | 舌侧音 2 | 辅记 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
/ m / 木 | moon /muːn/ | / j / 噎 | yes /jes/ | / l / 了 | light /laɪt/ |
/ n / 呢 | nose /noʊz/ | / w / 我 | wet /wet/ | / l / L | bell /bel/ |
/ ŋ / eng | ring /rɪŋ/ |