新概念英语第一册

Lesson 121&122 The man in a hat戴帽子的男士 定语从句

Listen to the tape then answer this question: Why didn't Caroline recognize the customer straight away?

COSTOMER:

I bought two expensive dictionaries here half an hour ago, but I forgot to take them with me.

半小时以前我在这里买了两本很贵的词典，但是我忘记了拿走。
MANAGER:

Who served you, sir?

是谁接待您的，先生？
COSTOMER:

The lady who is standing behind the counter.

站在柜台后面的那位女士。
MANAGER:

Which books did you buy?

你买的是两本什么书？
COSTOMER:

The books which are on the counter.

就是放在柜台上的那两本。
MANAGER:

Did you serve this gentleman half an hour ago, Caroline?

卡罗琳，半小时前你接待过这位先生吗？

He says he's the man who bought these books.

他说他就是买这两本书的人。
CAROLINE:

I can't remember.

我记不起来了。

The man who I served was wearing a hat.

我接待的那个人戴着一顶帽子。
MANAGER:

Have you got a hat, sir?

先生，您有帽子吗？
COSTOMER:

Yes, I have.

有的，我有帽子。
MANAGER:

Would you put it on, please?

请您把帽子戴上好吗？
COSTOMER:

All right.

好吧。
MANAGER:

Is this the man that you served, Caroline?

卡罗琳，这就是你接待过的那个人吗？
CAROLINE:

Yes.

是他。

I recognize him now.

我现在认出他来了。
Lesson 123&124 A trip to Australia
9个相关单词

与课文关联的单词

customer

/ˈkʌstəmə(r)/n. .顾客

forget *

/fəˈɡet/v. 忘记

manager

/ˈmænɪdʒə(r)/n. 经理

serve *

/sɜːv/v. 照应，服务，接待

counter

/ˈkaʊntə(r)/n. 柜台

recognize *

/ˈrekəɡnaɪz/v. 认识

road

/rəʊd/n. 路

street

/striːt/n. 街道

gentleman

/ˈdʒentlmən/n. 绅士

课文理解定语从句的引出 更新于:2023-12-14 05:59:13

I bought two expensive dictionaries here, half an hour ago, but I forget to take them with me.

forget to do… 忘记去做...forgot to do… 本应该做而忘记去做...forget doing sth. 忘记做过了某事
I forget to shut the door. 我忘了锁门I forget shutting the door. 我忘了门已经锁了

take…with me… 随身携带...拿走...

初识定语从句

关系词功能本文中出现的句子
that人、事、物Is this the man that you served? (一般疑问句)
who人The lady who is standing behind the counter. (主句为名词)
He says he’s the man who bought these books. (宾语从句中的定语从句)
The man who I served was wearing a hat. (主句为名词)
which事、物The books which are on the counter. (主句为名词)

语法知识定语及定语从句的详解 更新于:2023-12-14 06:12:06

什么是定语？

在语法学中，定语是修饰名词或代词的修饰语。它可以提供更多的描述性信息，以帮助我们理解名词或代词所表示的事物。用课文里的话来，使用汉语“的“ (用来修饰名词、代词的词)。

定语可以包括形容词、名词短语、副词短语、从句等。它们在句子中通常位于名词或代词之前，并与其构成修饰关系。

中文短语定语出现的位置解释
一个大房子a big house形容词作为定语修饰名词。
我见过的那个人the person I've seen.名词短语作为定语修饰名词。
他们在忙碌地工作they are working busily副词短语作为定语修饰动词。
我喜欢正在读书的学生I like the students who are studying从句作为定语修饰名词。

什么可以作定语？

  • a pretty girl (同中文) 形容词（Adjective）：形容词是最常见的定语类型。它们用来修饰名词，描述名词的性质或特征。
  • a diamond ring (同中文) 名词短语（Noun Phrase）：名词短语是由名词及其相关修饰语构成的短语，可用作名词的定语。
  • a book on the shelf （倒着翻译）介词短语（Prepositional Phrase）：介词短语通常用来修饰名词或代词。

定语的位置？

定语在一个句子中可以位于被修饰的名词前面或后面。它的位置取决于所使用的定语类型和句子结构。

前置定语（定语出现在被修饰名词的前面）后置定语(定语出现在被修饰名词的后面)
The red apple（红色的苹果）The apple on the table（桌子上的苹果）
An interesting book（一本有趣的书）The book that I read yesterday（我昨天读过的那本书）
需要注意的是，某些定语类型可能更倾向于前置或后置位置，但并非都适用。另外，当句子较长或复杂时，定语的位置可能会有所变化，以确保句子的清晰和连贯。

下面通过一首歌曲来介绍定语的位置：

You fill up my senses 你占据了我的心灵

Like a night in the forest(后置定语) 像林中的夜晚

Like the mountains in springtime 像春日的群山

Like a walk in the rain 像雨中的漫步

Like a storm in the desert 像沙漠中的风暴

Like a sleeping blue ocean (同中文) 像沉睡中的碧海

定语短语

  • a night in the forest 林中的夜晚
  • a walk in the rain 雨中的漫步
  • the mountains in springtime 春日的群山
  • a storm in the desert 沙漠中的风暴
  • Paris in the spring 巴黎之春

结论：短前长后，单个词(短)在前，短语或句子(长)放后做定语（英文礼让弱小规则，长的放后面，短的放前面）。

什么是定语从句？

定语从句是一种特殊的从句，用来在句子中作为定语修饰一个名词或代词。它提供了关于被修饰名词的进一步信息。

”宾语从句是用一个句子做宾语“那么定语从句就是：”用一个句子作定语“

定语定语从句
He is a nice(adj.) man.He is the man who loves my friend.(主谓宾)
She is a female(adj.) manager.She is the manager who served me yesterday.(主谓宾)

定语从句的零部件？

先行词(被修饰的)关系词(不叫引导词)例句
人whoHe is the man who loves my friend.
whom
(先行词在从句中充当宾语时)		The woman, whom I met at the conference, is a renowned scientist.
物品whichThe car, which is parked outside, belongs to my neighbor.
人或物that(安全)The house that we visited last week is now for sale.

先行词指的是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。定语从句提供了关于先行词的进一步描述和限定。先行词通常出现在定语从句之前(先行的字面意思是先出现的词)，并且定语从句中的关系词（先行词决定了使用哪个关系词）与先行词建立起连接关系。

  • I like the beautiful girl. → I like the beautiful girl 【who is listening to music】.我喜欢 【正在听音乐的】那漂亮的女孩。
  • The man is Brad Pitt. → The man【who wears a dress】 is Brad Pitt. 【穿裙子的】那位男士就是皮特。
  • God helps the people. → God helps the people【who help themselves.】 上帝帮助那些【帮助自己的】人。

组织定语从句的步骤？

  1. 先找到【先行词】（被修饰的词）: The general 将军
  2. 通过“先行词”确定【关系词】：who
  3. 【找定语】:makes the fewest mistakes 犯错误最少的
先行词（被修饰的词）关系词用一个句子做定语把话说完
The generalwhomakes the fewest mistakesis the best general.

合并简单句

原句定语从句
I have a friend. She lives in New York. (我有一个朋友。她住在纽约。)I have a friend who lives in New York. (我有一个住在纽约的朋友。)

先行词是 "friend"，关系代词 "who" 引导定语从句，并提供了关于朋友居住地的进一步描述。定语从句被放置在先行词之后。

定语部分(到下一个谓语动词前)是一个完成的句子，主句也应该是一个完成的句子。

Whoever can make most people happy is the happiest person in the world.

People 【 who can make most people happy 】 is the happiest in the world. 【能使大多数人幸福的】 人是世界上最幸福的人。

  • People is the happiest in the world. 主句
  • Who can make most people happy. 从句
  • Do you know the man 【 who watched a movie with me yesterday 】? 你认识 【昨天和我一起看电影的】 那人吗？
  • The bag 【 that I bought yesterday 】is very nice.【我昨天买的】 包非常好。
  • The watch 【 that you gave me 】keeps perfect time.【你给我的】 那块手表走地可准了。

定语从句的用途

描述性定语从句可以提供关于被修饰名词或代词的特征、性质或品质的陈述The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.（我从图书馆借来的那本书非常有趣。）
限制性定语从句可以用来限定所修饰名词或代词的范围，帮助阐明具体指的是哪一个The girl who is playing the piano is my sister.（正在弹钢琴的那个女孩是我的妹妹。）
补充性定语从句可以提供额外的信息，使句子更加详细和完整I bought a shirt, which has beautiful patterns on it.（我买了一件衬衫，上面有美丽的图案。）
身份或归属定语从句可以用来确定某个人或物的身份或归属The lady who is standing behind the counter. 本课文内容
可用于：描述性的说明、限制性说明、补充性说明、确定身份或归属。
使用定语从句做名词解释
What is a present?A present is something that you give your friend on his or her special day.
What is a dentist?A dentist is someone who can see and protect your teeth.
What is a mechanic?A mechanic is someone who repairs car or machine.
What is a “Xiaomianbao”? A “Xiaomianbao” is a van that can carry people.

单词句型定语从句中关系词who、whom的选择 更新于:2023-12-14 06:09:19

road 大路street 街道
on the road 在路上in the street 在街上

关系词“who、whom”怎么选合适？

whowhom
先行词做主语先行词做宾语
He is the man who loves my friend.
【The man loves my friend. 做主语】		He is the man whom my friend loves.
【My friend loves the man. 做宾语】
结论：先行词 = 被修饰的名词 §

扩展知识用定语从句升级句型 更新于:2023-12-14 06:08:01

定语从句的理解和识别

  • He【who doesn’t reach the Great Wall】 is not a true man. 不到长城非好汉。
  • He【who laughs last】laughs best. 谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。
  • He【who learns but does not think】 is lost. 学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。

写作应用：用定语从句升级句型。

原句定语从句
I have a close friend. He always takes my advice.I have a close friend who always takes my advice.

升级后(描述两句话提到的同一人。)：英文中比较忌讳重复出现，当我们使用2个简单句来同时描述一个人、一件事、一个物品时，我们就需要优先考虑使用定语从句来替换。

2011 年北京市中考作文：

Alice 表示自己的好友 Angela 问自己借钱，但自己不知是否该借给她，担心对方可能不能归还。问刘明是否遇到同样的问题？请刘明给自己一些建议，期待回信。假如你是刘明，给Alice 写一封信…

I think you can lend money to a person.
But choose the honest person.
They will return you the money.

定语从句升级版：

  • I think you can lend money to an honest person who will return you the money.

2008 年北京中考作文:

汶川地震(Wenchuan Earthquake)发生后,9 岁的学生林浩救了两名同学,然后步行了7 个小时到了安全地点, 就他的事迹以“Learn from the Hero” 为题, 写一篇不少于 60 词的作文。

提示词:a student , nine years old , happen , save , walk , to safety , be deeply moved , brave , give up

I’d like to say Linhao is a hero.
We should learn from him.
Linhao is a nine-year old student.
He saved two of his classmates during…

定语从句升级版：

I’d like to say Linhao is a hero whom we should learn from.
Linhao is a nine-year old student who saved two of his classmates during…
原句定语定语从句

I am reading the book.

The book is very interesting.

I am reading an interesting book.强调书有趣

I am reading the book which is interesting.

The book 【which I am reading 】is interesting.

强调我正在阅读的这本书是有趣的

Do you know the man?

He invited me to have dinner yesterday.

Do you know the man who invited me to have dinner yesterday?

Call it a day. 收工；今天到此为止

共有2题需要完成

练习题

  1. Do you know the man   is talking with your father？-Yes, he’s our headmaster.（单选）
    A、he
    B、who
    C、which
    D、whom
  2. Can you lend me the dictionary   the other day？（单选）
    A、that you bought
    B、you bought it
    C、that you bought it
    D、which you bought it
Lesson 123&124 A trip to Australia