Lesson 21 Mad or not?是不是疯了？ 被动语态 情态动词
First listen and then answer the question: Why do people think the writer is mad?
Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad.
飞机正在逐渐把我逼疯。
I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day.
我住在一个机场附近，过往飞机日夜不绝于耳。
The airport was built years ago, but for some reason it could not be used then.
机场是许多年前建的，但由于某种原因当时未能启用。
Last year, however, it came into use.
然而去年机场开始使用了。
Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise. I am one of the few people left.
有 100 多人肯定是被噪音逼得已经弃家远去，我是少数留下来的人中的一个。
Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane.
有时我觉得这房子就要被一架飞过的飞机撞倒。
I have been offered a large sum of money to go away, but I am determined to stay here.
他们曾向我提供一大笔钱让我搬走，但我决定留在这儿。
Everybody says I must be mad and they are probably right.
大家都说我肯定是疯了，也许他们说的是对的。
课文理解钉子户 更新于:2024-07-01 04:26:05
Mad or not (mad)?
- One good turn deserves another.
- While two detectives ... two others (detectives) opened the parcel. §
- Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's (garden). §
- from one garage to the other (garage). §
Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad. driving强调“正在进行时”，而 Aeroplanes drive me mad slowly. 则强调“过去、现在、将来会慢慢的”
| drive sb. mad 逼某人发疯(驱使某人...) | drive a car 驱动一辆车(开车) | drive away 驱使离开(赶走) |
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I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day.(能够被听到:情态动词的被动)
night and day 日日夜夜，夜以继日 (注意连读)
| passing planes 经过的飞机 | sleeping baby 正在睡觉的小孩 | waiting area 等候区 |
|---|---|---|
| He forgot the man with passing time. 随着时间的消逝，他忘掉了那个人。 | I put the sleeping baby down gently.我把睡着的宝宝轻轻放下。 | On both sides of the waiting area were two counters.等待区的两边有两个柜台。 |
The airport was built years ago, but for some reason it could not be used then.(not be used 未使用：then决定了不使用can)
years ago = many years ago 多年前（前面不加确定的数词时，一般表示“许多年”）
- I have not seen him for weeks.我好几个星期没见到他了。
- Why didn't you do it months ago? 为什么你几个月前不做呢？
- She may have finished her homework hours or days ago. 她可能是几个小时前或几天前完成作业的
| some + 不可数名词/可数名词复数 一些… | some + 可数名词单数=复合词 某一… |
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Last year, however, it came into use. (启用) 开始被使用（主动概念，没有被动式）
however 然而（用于句首, 句中, 用逗号隔开）
| use n. 使用 | use vt. 使用 |
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* Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise. 推测 + 过去的被动
over a hundred… (超过)一百多…
| must have been done 推测过去的被动（难点） | must have been + doing 推测过去正在进行 |
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| away from 从某地离开（away 离开某地） | out of somewhere 从某地出来 |
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| He walked slowly away from her.他慢慢地从她身旁走开。 | You should get out of school more often.你应该多多走出学校。 |
I am one of the few people left. 我是少数留下来的人之一
one of… 之一 (表示特指的一群人/一些东西中的一个，后面的名词用复数)
- One of the girls standing over there is Tim’s sister.
- You can take one of these bags.
| left 被留下来的(leave 过去分词作定语放在被修饰词的后面) | left 剩下的…东西 |
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Sometimes I think (that) this house will be knocked down by a passing plane.将来的被动
| knock down 撞倒、打折 | knock at 敲门 | knock out 击倒、打晕 |
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| The market might abandon the stock, and knock down its price.商场可能会清理库存，降低价格。 | Yesterday a beggar knocked at my door. | The three drinks knocked him out. 这3杯酒让他昏昏欲睡。 |
I have been offered a large sum of money to go away现在完成被动, but I am determined to 现在的被动 stay here. sb. be offered sth.
offer v. 提供（相当于 given）
双宾语的被动语态中，主语有两种可能; 以 sb.做主语或以 sth.做主语
| 主动 | 被动 |
|---|---|
| Give me that hammer please, Dan. give sb. sth. | He has been given the(that) book. sb. be given sth. |
| Give a book to me please. give sth. to sb. | The book has been given to me. sth. be given to sb. |
英语中的主语是物，通常习惯性使用“被动”来表达，当人处于某种“身不由已”的状态时，也使用被动。但是汉语中：人、物在大多数时候都是用主动来表达，所以在翻译时即便英语是“被动”，我都也常常使用主动来翻译。
语法知识被动语态 更新于:2024-01-09 04:11:26
结构：be + done
| 确定动作并找到合适的动词。 | He is beaten every day. 现在 |
| 选择动词的过去分词。 | He was beaten yesterday. 过去 |
| 选择be的时态(重点) | He will be beaten tomorrow. 将来 |
| 选择be的单数/复数词 | He is being beaten now. 正在进行 |
| 难点(当公式背下来) | He has been beaten. 现在完成 |
| may 可能(推测) | He may have been told the news. 他可能已经被告知这个消息了 |
| must 一定(推测) | The shops must have been closed now. 商店现在一定已经关门了 |
| must 必须(情态) | The letter must be sent immediately. 这信必须马上寄出。 |
| cannot 不能(情态) | The weather cannot be controlled by people. 天气不能被人所控制。 |
复习: 情态动词 + 动词原型 §
- Planes are heard. 飞机被听见(被动语句)
- Planes can be heard. 飞机能够被听见(情态动词+被动语句)
- Planes may be heard. 飞机可能被听见(情态动词+被动语句)
- Planes must be heard. 飞机必须被听见(情态动词+被动语句)
| 动词 + 宾语 + 不定式 | 动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 |
|---|---|
| Mary was told to meet us. 有人叫玛丽来接我们。 | They told Mary (to) meet us. 他们叫玛丽来接我们。 |
| A gold watch was given to Sam.萨姆得到了一块金表。 | Sam was given a gold watch. 萨姆得到了一块金表。 |
由于间接宾语通常是人，所以间接宾语成为被动句主语的时候要多些。
扩展知识主动语态vs被动语态 更新于:2024-01-09 04:14:41
| 主动语态(Who) | 被动语态(What) | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| He will repair your watch. | Your watch will be repaired (by him). | by him 用于强调“被谁” |
| They must test this new car. | This new car must be tested. | 主动语态强调的是动作发出者(主语)，被动语态强调的是事情，所以常常忽略了主语。 |
| I can' t find my bag. Someone has stolen it. | my bag has been stolen. | 强调事是被谁做了。 |
注:英语中没有单独去解释“主动语态”，是因为除了“被动语态”其它的都是主动语态。
| doing 修饰名词通过表示主动的（作定语、非谓语动词） | done 修饰名词通常表示被动的（作定语） |
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（英文中有一个“理让弱小”原因，短的在前，长的在后。一个doing的词放前面去修饰，一个长doing词组就要放到后面去修饰）
| 原型 (do) | 过去式 (did) | 过去分词 (done) |
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| hear | heard | heard |
共有4题需要完成
练习题
It couldn't be used then. It wasn't to use it.（单选）
A、ableB、allowedC、impossibleD、possibleOver a hundred people must have been driven away. they were.（单选）
A、I thinkB、I'm sureC、CertainD、Of course must have beenI have been offered a large of money.（单选）
A、amountB、numberC、someD、pieceI am determined to stay here. stay here.（单选）
A、am will toB、want toC、mayD、am going to