Lesson 40 Who's who真假难辨 单元复习 部分倒装

Who's who ^{谁是谁（名字、职务等）?}

• You'll soon get to know who's who in the company.
• Who's who ^{英国的《名人录》}
• Who's Who in America ^{美版《名人录》}
• When Scarlet returned to the farm, the old maidservant began to tell her who married whom, who had what children and so on.

It has never been explained why university students seem to enjoy practical jokes more than anyone else.

nobody can explain why ... ^{中式英语（无灵主语是英文写作的要点）}

it has never been explained why ... ^{谁也不能解释为什么...}

• It has never been explained why so many children enter buttonholes in the Flower Show.^{为什么这么多孩子在花展上参加纽扣比赛，还从没人解释过。}
• It has never been explained why Maya civilization vanished from the earth. ^{谁也无法解释玛雅文明为什么会突然从地球上消失。}

特殊疑问词 ... is beyond me. ^{...超过了我的理解范围}

I can't understand / explain why ... ^中式英语

• Why people are prepared to tolerate a four-hour journey each day for the dubious privilege of living in the country is beyond me.
• How Harry managed to keep a straight face during these performances is quite beyond me.
• Why Jane was prepared to marry such a lazy-bones is beyond me. ^{我无法理解Jane为什么愿意嫁给这样一个懒汉.} 

People still have different opinions about whether ... ^{人们对是否……仍有不同的看法【普通句型】}

• Whether the whole universe does so is a moot point at present. ^NCE4-37

It has never been explained why people who live in the Mediterranean seem to enjoy eating octopus more than anyone else. ^{谁也无法解释为什么住在地中海地区的人看似比任何人都更爱吃章鱼} 

Students specialize in a particular type of practical joke: the hoax.

specialize in... ^{专门研究…}

• We specialize in quality furniture. ^{我们专营高档家具。}
• Most of the staff specialize in the care of children. ^{大部分员工都擅长照顾孩子。}
• specialized knowledge ^专业知识
• specialized labour / labor ^{专业的工人}

造词规律

a particular type of practical joke ^{当不可数名词使用}

• practical jokes of a particular type ^{还原成可数}
• The more expensive kind of antique shop where rare objects are beautifully displayed in glass cases to keep them free from dust is usually a forbidding place.
• Antique shops of the more expensive kind where rare objects are beautifully displayed in glass cases to keep them free from dust are usually forbidding places. ^{还原为可数}

Inviting the fire brigade to put out a nonexistent fire is a crude form of deception which no self-respecting student would ever indulge in.

put out = extinquish ^灭火

• put out / extinguish the fire / cigarette / light
• At last, firemen have put out a big forest fire in California.
• When the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass seed which would grow quickly.
• I went down immediately, of course, and that fool, Horst, aimed a fire extinguisher at me.

a crude form of ^{低级（粗俗）形式的... form n. a type of sth.}

• a severe form of cancer
• different forms of government
• Swimming is a good form of exercise. ^{游泳是很好的锻炼方式。}
• For John, books are a form of escapism. ^{对约翰来说，看书是一种消遣形式。}
• We need to come to some form of agreement. ^{我们需要达成某种形式的协议。}
• Clothes are a fundamental form of self-expression. ^{服饰是一种基本的自我表现形式。}

no self-respecting ... would do sth. ^{没有有自尊的…愿意做某事（常用于否定句）}

• No self-respecting doctor would refuse to treat a sick person.^{没有有自尊心的医生会置病人于不顾。}
• No self-respecting government would yield to terrorists. ^{没有有自尊心的政府会向恐怖分子低头。}

Cheating in examinations is disgraceful behavior which no self-respecting student a would ever indulge in.^{考试中作弊是一种很不光彩的行为，任何有自尊的学生都不会去做。}

Students often create amusing situations which are funny to everyone except the victims.

Students often create funny situations which are amusing to / amuse everyone except the victims. ^{换一种说法}

When a student recently saw two workmen using a pneumatic drill outside his university, he immediately telephoned the police and informed them that two students dressed up as workmen were tearing up the road with a pneumatic drill.

telephone the police ^{报警（打电话给警察）}

• He told him he had better return it or he would call the police.
• At first, she decided to go to the police, but ...
• Mrs. Ramsay was not to inform the police and had to pay €1,000.

inform sb. of sth. ^{通知某人某事}

• He informed the station at once, but no one there was able to explain the mystery.
• ...he informed the editor that he had been arrested while counting the 1,084 steps leading...
• Glancing at his map, he informed us that the next village was a mere twenty miles away.

dress (sb.) up as ... ^{把(某人)打扮成……}

• She intended to dress up as a ghost ...
• He added that a student had dressed up as a policeman ...
• They dressed him up as a gorilla. ^{vt.装扮宾语}

tear up sth. ^{挖凿、撕开}

• The plumbers tore up the road to lay a new water main.
• He tore up the letter with anger.

As soon as he had hung up, he went over to the workmen and told them that if a policeman ordered them to go away, they were not to take him seriously.

as soon as ... ^一...就...

• As soon as he saw us, he picked up a long pipe which was covered with coins and opened one of the baskets.
• As soon as he opens the gate from the outside, he comes into the garden and waits until the gate shuts.
• As soon as he had finished, Jenny told him she wanted to go home.
• As soon as he opened his mouth, everyone burst out laughing.

hang up ^挂电话

• You hang up hurriedly and attend to baby, crockery, etc.

over ^{adv.从这边到哪边}

If a window has a view over an area of land or water, you can see the land or water through the window. ^{从一边到另一边}

•  ...a light and airy bar with a wonderful view over the river. …^{一个明亮通风而且看得见优美河景的酒吧。}
•  I got out the car and drove over to Greg's place. ^{我把车开出来，驱车到格雷格那儿去。}
•  I thought you might have invited her over. ^{我想你大概已经邀请过她到这里来。}

* be to do^{（fml.）的四种用法}

Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.   — Francis Bacon

He added that a student had dressed up as a policeman and was playing all sorts of silly jokes on people.

add ^v.补充说

• Then I added with a smile, 'It's a strange mixture I make myself.'

play a joke / trick on sb. ^{开某人的玩笑/捉弄某人}

• One night, the gaoler decided to play a joke on his colleague to find out if, after so many performances, he had managed to learn the contents of the letter by heart.
• They played a joke on him by hiding his keys.^{他们通过藏起他的钥匙来捉弄他。}
• She played a trick on her friend by pretending to forget her birthday.^{她假装忘记朋友的生日来捉弄她。}

all sorts / kinds / types of sth. ^{各种各样的…}

• She has to deal with all kinds of complaints.
• She has all sorts of books in her library.^{她的图书馆里有各种各样的书。}
• You can find all kinds of fruits at the market.^{你可以在市场上找到各种各样的水果。}
• The store sells all types of electronic devices.^{这家店出售各种类型的电子设备。}

Both the police and the workmen were grateful to the student for this piece of advance information.

be thankful / grateful / obliged / indebted to sb. for sth. ^{为某事对某人表示感谢/感激}

• I am thankful to you for your help.^{感谢你帮了我。}
• I'm much grateful to you for your advice.
• She is grateful to her parents for their support.^{她感激父母的支持。}
• I'm deeply obliged to you for your encouragement.
• We are obliged to you for your assistance.^{我们感激你的帮助。}
• I'm most indebted to you for this piece of advance information.
• He feels indebted to his teacher for the guidance.^{他感激老师的指导。}

The student hid in an archway nearby where he could watch and hear everything that went on.

nearby ^{adj./adv. 在附近的}

• an archway nearby ^{adv.附近地}
• a nearby archway ^{adj.附件的}

I spent my summer vacation in the country where I had more privacy. ^{我的暑假是在乡下度过的，在那儿我可以更不受打扰地生活。}

Sure enough, a policeman arrived on the scene and politely asked the workmen to go away.

sure enough ^{果然、不出所料}

• Sure enough, Rastus arrived punctually at seven o'clock that evening.
• The man took heart and, sure enough, on New Year's Eve he was able to hobble along to a party.

on the scene / spot ^{在现场，到现场}

• Meanwhile, two other actors, Rockwall Slinger and Merlin Greeves, had carried two large food baskets to a shady spot under some trees.
• Officer Montoya was first on the scene. ^{蒙托亚警官是第一个到达现场的人。}
• Firefighters were on the scene immediately.^{消防队立刻赶到现场。}
• By the time I arrived on the scene , it was all over.^{我来到现场时，一切都已结束。}

When he received a very rude reply from one of the workmen, he threatened to remove them by force.

receive + n. ^{受到了...、得到了...、遭到了…}

• These young people, who love the peace of mountains, always receive a warm welcome at St. Bernard's monastery.
• No creature has received more praise and abuse than the common garden snail.
• This exhibition received a great deal of attention in the press, for though the pictures were supposed to be the work of famous artists, they had in fact been painted by Dickie.
• The majority of the patients attending the medical out-patients departments of our hospitals feel that they have not received adequate treatment unless they are able to carry home with them some tangible remedy in the shape of a bottle of medicine, a box of pills, or a small jar of ointment, ... ^NCE4-28

threaten to do ^{（人做主语）威胁说⋯、（物做主语）有…的危险}

• We keep trying all four methods, but the sheer volume of rubbish we produce worldwide threatens to overwhelm us.
• It threatened to surround him completely, but Tazieff managed to escape just in time.

The workmen told him to do as he pleased and the policeman telephoned for help.

please ^{v.高兴，乐意}

• Come whenever you please.
• Women should be free to dress and act as they please. ^{女人应该有自由随自己的意愿着装和行事。}
• He does whatever he pleases.^{他想做什么就做什么。}
• It pleased him to talk to her. ^{和她谈话让他高兴。}
• He appeared anxious to please. ^{他似乎急于讨好。}

Shortly afterwards, four more policemen arrived and remonstrated with the workmen.

remonstrate with sb. ^规劝

• A district official went to remonstrate with the landowners. ^{区里派了一个干部去对地主进行劝诫。}
• A district official walked in the night to remonstrate with the landowners. ^{有天晚上，区里派了一个干部去对地主进行劝诫。}
• During the suspension, the Russians went to their fans' end and seemed to remonstrate with them. ^{在暂停期间，俄罗斯人去到他们的球迷看台区要求球迷的合作。}

As the men refused to stop working, the police attempted to seize the pneumatic drill.

seize ^{v.抓住；（用武力）夺取；没收}

• Troops have seized the airport and railway terminals.  ^{军队已经占领了机场和铁路终点站。}
• Police were reported to have seized all copies of this morning's edition of the newspaper. ^{据报道警方已没收了该报纸今早所有的出刊。}
• During the riots hundreds of people seized the opportunity to steal property.  ^{暴乱期间数以百计的人乘机窃取财物。}

The workmen struggled fiercely and one of them lost his temper.

lose one's temper ^{某人发火了}

• I've never seen him get mad or lose his temper.^{我从未见过他发疯或发火。}
• He has been known on occasion to lose his temper.^{大家都知道他有时会发脾气。}
• He lost his temper when he found out his car had been scratched. ^{当他发现他的车被刮花时，他发了脾气。}

At this, the police pointed out ironically that this would hardly be necessary as the men were already under arrest.

At this ^前指

在英语中，this 和 that 均可前指，但一般只有 this 可以后指。

• Finding that he could not remember a word of the letter either, the gaoler replied: 'The light is indeed dim, sire. I must get my glasses.' With this, he hurried off the stage.
• In spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl.
• Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once.
• In spite of this, many people are confident that 'The Revealer' may reveal something of value fairly soon.
• After seven days of this, I went to a party. Everybody around me was smoking, and I felt extremely uncomfortable.
• To be, or not to be: that is the question. — Shakespeare
• Good friends, good books and a sleepy conscience: this is the ideal life. - Mark Twain
• Of all men's miseries the bitterest is this: to know so much and to have control over nothing. — Herodotus

point out ^{指出，提醒说}

• Franz poured scorn on the idea, pointing out that his brother had been killed in action during the war.
• Anyway, as Brian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking. He himself has done it lots of times!
• ...pointed out a microscopic ‘o’ beside the time of the arrival of the train at his station.

be under arrest ^被捕

• She was under arrest on suspicion of murder. ^{她因涉嫌谋杀而被逮捕。}
• I am placing you under arrest. ^{我现在要逮捕你。}
• He is said to be under arrest fr stealing. ^{据说他由于偷窃被捕了。}

Pretending to speak seriously, one of the workmen asked if he might make a telephone call before being taken to the station.

Permission was granted and a policeman accompanied him to a pay phone.

The police granted him permission and a policeman ... ^{不使用被动会显得啰嗦}

give / grant (sb.) permission ^{给予(某人)许可}

• The teacher gave the student permission to leave early. ^{老师允许这名学生早退。}
• The council granted him permission to build on the land. ^{委员会批准了他在这片土地上建造的许可。}

He asked the teacher if he might make a telephone call. Permission was denied and he had to wait until the class was over.^{他问老师他是否能打个电话。 老师不允许他这么做，于是他只好等 到下课。}

Only when he saw that the man was actually telephoning the police did he realize that they had all been the victims of a hoax.

Only + 时间状语 = 直到...才

• Only then did he realize that he was mistaken.

only + 状语 ^{位于句首，用部分倒装}

• Only by working hard can we succeed in doing anything.
• Only after a baby seal is pushed into the sea by its mother will it learn how to swim.